πηδόν

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pēd-ó- (“sole, footstep”), from *ped- (“to walk, step”) (whence also Latvian pēda (“foot”) and Lithuanian pėdà (“foot”)), with semantic development "foot" > "flat and low object" > "rudder of a ship".^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pɛː.dón/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pe̝ˈdon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /piˈðon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /piˈðon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /piˈðon/

Noun

πηδόν • (pēdón) n (genitive πηδοῦ); second declension

oar blade, hence generally, oar

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ πηδόν; τοῦ πηδοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πηδόν tò pēdón	τὼ πηδώ tṑ pēdṓ	τᾰ̀ πηδᾰ́ tằ pēdắ
Genitive	τοῦ πηδοῦ toû pēdoû	τοῖν πηδοῖν toîn pēdoîn	τῶν πηδῶν tôn pēdôn
Dative	τῷ πηδῷ tōî pēdōî	τοῖν πηδοῖν toîn pēdoîn	τοῖς πηδοῖς toîs pēdoîs
Accusative	τὸ πηδόν tò pēdón	τὼ πηδώ tṑ pēdṓ	τᾰ̀ πηδᾰ́ tằ pēdắ
Vocative	πηδόν pēdón	πηδώ pēdṓ	πηδᾰ́ pēdắ
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

πηδᾰ́λῐον (pēdắlĭon)

Descendants

⇒ Byzantine Greek: *πηδώτης (*pēdṓtēs, “helmsman”)
- → Italian: pedota, pedotta; pedoto, pedotto
  - ⇒ Italian: pilota; piloto (probably influenced by pileggiare (“to sail, navigate”)) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πηδόν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1185

“πηδόν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“πηδόν”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
πηδόν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
πηδόν in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
πηδόν, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πηδόν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1185

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