σομφός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Seemingly related to Proto-Germanic *swammaz (“sponge; mushroom, fungus”), with which it is traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *swombʰ- (“sponge; tree-fungus”), but the Greek probably cannot be of inherited Indo-European origin given its lack of the expected shift *s- > *h-. According to Beekes, it is probably of substrate or wanderwort origin and related to similar words like Ancient Greek σπόγγος (spóngos, “sponge”), Latin fungus (“mushroom, fungus”) and Old Armenian սունկն (sunkn, “tree fungus”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /som.pʰós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /somˈpʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /somˈɸos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /somˈfos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /somˈfos/

Adjective

σομφός • (somphós) m (feminine σομφή, neuter σομφόν); first/second declension

spongy, porous, full of tiny pores that allow fluids or gasses to pass through
Synonyms: πολῠ́τρητος (polŭ́trētos), χαῦνος (khaûnos)

Inflection

First and second declension of σομφός; σομφή; σομφόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	σομφός somphós	σομφή somphḗ	σομφόν somphón	σομφώ somphṓ	σομφᾱ́ somphā́	σομφώ somphṓ	σομφοί somphoí	σομφαί somphaí	σομφᾰ́ somphắ
Genitive	σομφοῦ somphoû	σομφῆς somphês	σομφοῦ somphoû	σομφοῖν somphoîn	σομφαῖν somphaîn	σομφοῖν somphoîn	σομφῶν somphôn	σομφῶν somphôn	σομφῶν somphôn
Dative	σομφῷ somphōî	σομφῇ somphēî	σομφῷ somphōî	σομφοῖν somphoîn	σομφαῖν somphaîn	σομφοῖν somphoîn	σομφοῖς somphoîs	σομφαῖς somphaîs	σομφοῖς somphoîs
Accusative	σομφόν somphón	σομφήν somphḗn	σομφόν somphón	σομφώ somphṓ	σομφᾱ́ somphā́	σομφώ somphṓ	σομφούς somphoús	σομφᾱ́ς somphā́s	σομφᾰ́ somphắ
Vocative	σομφέ somphé	σομφή somphḗ	σομφόν somphón	σομφώ somphṓ	σομφᾱ́ somphā́	σομφώ somphṓ	σομφοί somphoí	σομφαί somphaí	σομφᾰ́ somphắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	σομφῶς somphôs			σομφότερος somphóteros			σομφότᾰτος somphótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἔνσομφος (énsomphos)
σομφόομαι (somphóomai)
σομφότης (somphótēs)
σομφώδης (somphṓdēs)
ὑπόσομφος (hupósomphos)
χαυνόσομφος (khaunósomphos)