συμφυρμός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Hellenistic Koine noun, from verb σῠμφῡράω (sŭmphūráō, “I knead together, mess up”) from σῠ́ν (sŭ́n, “with”) +‎ φῡράω (phūráō, “or φύρω I mix”).

Pronunciation

(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /sym.pʰyrˈmos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /sym.ɸyrˈmos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /sym.fyrˈmos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /sim.firˈmos/

Noun

σῠμφῡρμός • (sŭmphūrmós) m (genitive σῠμφῡρμοῦ); second declension

(Koine) a mix up

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ σῠμφῡρμός; τοῦ σῠμφῡρμοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ σῠμφῡρμός ho sŭmphūrmós	τὼ σῠμφῡρμώ tṑ sŭmphūrmṓ	οἱ σῠμφῡρμοί hoi sŭmphūrmoí
Genitive	τοῦ σῠμφῡρμοῦ toû sŭmphūrmoû	τοῖν σῠμφῡρμοῖν toîn sŭmphūrmoîn	τῶν σῠμφῡρμῶν tôn sŭmphūrmôn
Dative	τῷ σῠμφῡρμῷ tōî sŭmphūrmōî	τοῖν σῠμφῡρμοῖν toîn sŭmphūrmoîn	τοῖς σῠμφῡρμοῖς toîs sŭmphūrmoîs
Accusative	τὸν σῠμφῡρμόν tòn sŭmphūrmón	τὼ σῠμφῡρμώ tṑ sŭmphūrmṓ	τοὺς σῠμφῡρμούς toùs sŭmphūrmoús
Vocative	σῠμφῡρμέ sŭmphūrmé	σῠμφῡρμώ sŭmphūrmṓ	σῠμφῡρμοί sŭmphūrmoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Related terms

σῠ́μφῡρσις f (sŭ́mphūrsis, “confusion”)
σῠμφύρω (sŭmphúrō, “Ι knead together, I mess up”)
φύρδην (phúrdēn, “mixed, in confusion”)
φύρσις f (phúrsis)
φύρω (phúrō, “I mix”)

Descendants

Greek: συμφυρμός m (symfyrmós)

Greek

Etymology

From Hellenistic Koine Greek συμφῡρμός (sumphūrmós) from verb συμφύρω (sumphúrō). For sense in linguistics, calque of French contamination.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siɱfirˈmos/
Hyphenation: συμ‧φυρ‧μός

Noun

συμφυρμός • (symfyrmós) m (plural συμφυρμοί)

the result of mixing up of dissimilar elements
(figuratively, derogatory) coexistance of people of different and disreputable background
(linguistics, phonology, phonetics) blend of two cognate elements (sounds, morphemes, phrases) which violates the rules of word formation. Associated with analogy and paretymology.^[2] e.g.
• διάβολος (/ˈðʝavolos/ “devil”) & σατανάς (/sataˈnas/ “satan”) → διάτανος (/ˈðʝatanos/ “devil”)

• γέροντας (/ˈʝerondas/ “old man”) & γεράματα (/ʝeˈramata/ “old years, old age”) → γεροντάματα (/ʝeronˈdamata/ “old age”)

Declension

Declension of **συμφυρμός**
	singular	plural
nominative	συμφυρμός (symfyrmós)	συμφυρμοί (symfyrmoí)
genitive	συμφυρμού (symfyrmoú)	συμφυρμών (symfyrmón)
accusative	συμφυρμό (symfyrmó)	συμφυρμούς (symfyrmoús)
vocative	συμφυρμέ (symfyrmé)	συμφυρμοί (symfyrmoí)

Synonyms

(mix up, with negative connotation):

σύμφυρση f (sýmfyrsi)
σύμφυρμα n (sýmfyrma)
ανακάτωμα n (anakátoma)
φύρδην μίγδην (fýrdin mígdin) (archaic)

(mixture, with positive connotation):

ανάμειξη f (anámeixi)
αμάλγαμα n (amálgama)
συνένωση f (synénosi)

(people of disreputable background):

κάθε καρυδιάς καρύδι (káthe karydiás karýdi) (idiomatic expression)
η σάρα, η μάρα και το κακό συναπάντημα (i sára, i mára kai to kakó synapántima)

(linguistics):

σύμμειγμα n (sýmmeigma)
σύμμειξη f (sýmmeixi)

Related terms

συμφύρω (symfýro, “I mix up”)
φυραίνω (fyraíno, “I reduce volume or weight”) & related words

References

^ συμφυρμός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
^ συμφυρμός - Babiniotis, Georgios (2002) Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: […] [Dictionary of Modern Greek (language)] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias [Lexicology Centre], 1st edition 1998, →ISBN.

[1] συμφυρμός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

[2] συμφυρμός - Babiniotis, Georgios (2002) Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: […] [Dictionary of Modern Greek (language)] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias [Lexicology Centre], 1st edition 1998, →ISBN.

[1]

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