φύρω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Uncertain. May be related to φορῡ́νω (phorū́nō, “to be mingled”) and/or πορφῡ́ρω (porphū́rō, “to heave, surge up”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰy̌ː.rɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰy.ro/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸy.ro/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfy.ro/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfi.ro/
Verb
φῡ́ρω • (phū́rō)
- to mix something dry with something wet
- to soil, defile, sully
- (figurative) to mingle together, confuse, mix up
- (passive voice) to mingle with, have dealings with (people)
Conjugation
Present: φῡ́ρω, φῡ́ρομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῡ́ρω | φῡ́ρεις | φῡ́ρει | φῡ́ρετον | φῡ́ρετον | φῡ́ρομεν | φῡ́ρετε | φῡ́ρουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | φῡ́ρω | φῡ́ρῃς | φῡ́ρῃ | φῡ́ρητον | φῡ́ρητον | φῡ́ρωμεν | φῡ́ρητε | φῡ́ρωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῡ́ροιμῐ | φῡ́ροις | φῡ́ροι | φῡ́ροιτον | φῡροίτην | φῡ́ροιμεν | φῡ́ροιτε | φῡ́ροιεν | |||||
| imperative | φῦρε | φῡρέτω | φῡ́ρετον | φῡρέτων | φῡ́ρετε | φῡρόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | φῡ́ρομαι | φῡ́ρῃ / φῡ́ρει | φῡ́ρεται | φῡ́ρεσθον | φῡ́ρεσθον | φῡρόμεθᾰ | φῡ́ρεσθε | φῡ́ρονται | ||||
| subjunctive | φῡ́ρωμαι | φῡ́ρῃ | φῡ́ρηται | φῡ́ρησθον | φῡ́ρησθον | φῡρώμεθᾰ | φῡ́ρησθε | φῡ́ρωνται | |||||
| optative | φῡροίμην | φῡ́ροιο | φῡ́ροιτο | φῡ́ροισθον | φῡροίσθην | φῡροίμεθᾰ | φῡ́ροισθε | φῡ́ροιντο | |||||
| imperative | φῡ́ρου | φῡρέσθω | φῡ́ρεσθον | φῡρέσθων | φῡ́ρεσθε | φῡρέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φῡ́ρειν | φῡ́ρεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φῡ́ρων | φῡρόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | φῡ́ρουσᾰ | φῡρομένη | |||||||||||
| n | φῦρον | φῡρόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔφῡρον, ἐφῡρόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφῡρον | ἔφῡρες | ἔφῡρε(ν) | ἐφῡ́ρετον | ἐφῡρέτην | ἐφῡ́ρομεν | ἐφῡ́ρετε | ἔφῡρον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφῡρόμην | ἐφῡ́ρου | ἐφῡ́ρετο | ἐφῡ́ρεσθον | ἐφῡρέσθην | ἐφῡρόμεθᾰ | ἐφῡ́ρεσθε | ἐφῡ́ροντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: φῠ́ρσω, φῠ́ρσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῠ́ρσω | φῠ́ρσεις | φῠ́ρσει | φῠ́ρσετον | φῠ́ρσετον | φῠ́ρσομεν | φῠ́ρσετε | φῠ́ρσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | φῠ́ρσοιμῐ | φῠ́ρσοις | φῠ́ρσοι | φῠ́ρσοιτον | φῠρσοίτην | φῠ́ρσοιμεν | φῠ́ρσοιτε | φῠ́ρσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | φῠ́ρσομαι | φῠ́ρσῃ / φῠ́ρσει | φῠ́ρσεται | φῠ́ρσεσθον | φῠ́ρσεσθον | φῠρσόμεθᾰ | φῠ́ρσεσθε | φῠ́ρσονται | ||||
| optative | φῠρσοίμην | φῠ́ρσοιο | φῠ́ρσοιτο | φῠ́ρσοισθον | φῠρσοίσθην | φῠρσοίμεθᾰ | φῠ́ρσοισθε | φῠ́ρσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φῠ́ρσειν | φῠ́ρσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φῠ́ρσων | φῠρσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | φῠ́ρσουσᾰ | φῠρσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | φῠ́ρσον | φῠρσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: πεφῠ́ρσομαι with passive meaning
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | πεφῠ́ρσομαι | πεφῠ́ρσῃ / πεφῠ́ρσει | πεφῠ́ρσεται | πεφῠ́ρσεσθον | πεφῠ́ρσεσθον | πεφῠρσόμεθᾰ | πεφῠ́ρσεσθε | πεφῠ́ρσονται | ||||
| optative | πεφῠρσοίμην | πεφῠ́ρσοιο | πεφῠ́ρσοιτο | πεφῠ́ρσοισθον | πεφῠρσοίσθην | πεφῠρσοίμεθᾰ | πεφῠ́ρσοισθε | πεφῠ́ρσοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεφῠ́ρσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πεφῠρσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | πεφῠρσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | πεφῠρσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: φῠρήσομαι (Koine)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| passive | indicative | φῠρήσομαι | φῠρήσῃ | φῠρήσεται | φῠρήσεσθον | φῠρήσεσθον | φῠρησόμεθᾰ | φῠρήσεσθε | φῠρήσονται |
| optative | φῠρησοίμην | φῠρήσοιο | φῠρήσοιτο | φῠρήσοισθον | φῠρησοίσθην | φῠρησοίμεθᾰ | φῠρήσοισθε | φῠρήσοιντο | |
| passive | |||||||||
| infinitive | φῠρήσεσθαι | ||||||||
| participle | m | φῠρησόμενος | |||||||
| f | φῠρησομένη | ||||||||
| n | φῠρησόμενον | ||||||||
Aorist: ἔφῠρσᾰ, ἐφῠρσᾰ́μην, ἐφῠ́ρθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφῠρσᾰ | ἔφῠρσᾰς | ἔφῠρσε(ν) | ἐφῠ́ρσᾰτον | ἐφῠρσᾰ́την | ἐφῠ́ρσᾰμεν | ἐφῠ́ρσᾰτε | ἔφῠρσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠ́ρσω | φῠ́ρσῃς | φῠ́ρσῃ | φῠ́ρσητον | φῠ́ρσητον | φῠ́ρσωμεν | φῠ́ρσητε | φῠ́ρσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῠ́ρσαιμῐ | φῠ́ρσειᾰς / φῠ́ρσαις | φῠ́ρσειε(ν) / φῠ́ρσαι | φῠ́ρσαιτον | φῠρσαίτην | φῠ́ρσαιμεν | φῠ́ρσαιτε | φῠ́ρσειᾰν / φῠ́ρσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́ρσον | φῠρσᾰ́τω | φῠ́ρσᾰτον | φῠρσᾰ́των | φῠ́ρσᾰτε | φῠρσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐφῠρσᾰ́μην | ἐφῠ́ρσω | ἐφῠ́ρσᾰτο | ἐφῠ́ρσᾰσθον | ἐφῠρσᾰ́σθην | ἐφῠρσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐφῠ́ρσᾰσθε | ἐφῠ́ρσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠ́ρσωμαι | φῠ́ρσῃ | φῠ́ρσηται | φῠ́ρσησθον | φῠ́ρσησθον | φῠρσώμεθᾰ | φῠ́ρσησθε | φῠ́ρσωνται | |||||
| optative | φῠρσαίμην | φῠ́ρσαιο | φῠ́ρσαιτο | φῠ́ρσαισθον | φῠρσαίσθην | φῠρσαίμεθᾰ | φῠ́ρσαισθε | φῠ́ρσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́ρσαι | φῠρσᾰ́σθω | φῠ́ρσᾰσθον | φῠρσᾰ́σθων | φῠ́ρσᾰσθε | φῠρσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐφῠ́ρθην | ἐφῠ́ρθης | ἐφῠ́ρθη | ἐφῠ́ρθητον | ἐφῠρθήτην | ἐφῠ́ρθημεν | ἐφῠ́ρθητε | ἐφῠ́ρθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠρθῶ | φῠρθῇς | φῠρθῇ | φῠρθῆτον | φῠρθῆτον | φῠρθῶμεν | φῠρθῆτε | φῠρθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῠρθείην | φῠρθείης | φῠρθείη | φῠρθεῖτον / φῠρθείητον | φῠρθείτην / φῠρθειήτην | φῠρθεῖμεν / φῠρθείημεν | φῠρθεῖτε / φῠρθείητε | φῠρθεῖεν / φῠρθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́ρθητῐ | φῠρθήτω | φῠ́ρθητον | φῠρθήτων | φῠ́ρθητε | φῠρθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | φῠ́ρσαι | φῠ́ρσᾰσθαι | φῠρθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | φῠ́ρσᾱς | φῠρσᾰ́μενος | φῠρθείς | |||||||||
| f | φῠ́ρσᾱσᾰ | φῠρσᾰμένη | φῠρθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | φῠ́ρσᾰν | φῠρσᾰ́μενον | φῠρθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | indicative | ἔφῡρᾰ | ἔφῡρᾰς | ἔφῡρε(ν) | ἐφῡ́ρᾰτον | ἐφῡρᾰ́την | ἐφῡ́ρᾰμεν | ἐφῡ́ρᾰτε | ἔφῡρᾰν |
| subjunctive | φῡ́ρω | φῡ́ρῃς | φῡ́ρῃ | φῡ́ρητον | φῡ́ρητον | φῡ́ρωμεν | φῡ́ρητε | φῡ́ρωσῐ(ν) | |
| optative | φῡ́ραιμῐ | φῡ́ρειᾰς / φῡ́ραις | φῡ́ρειε(ν) / φῡ́ραι | φῡ́ραιτον | φῡραίτην | φῡ́ραιμεν | φῡ́ραιτε | φῡ́ρειᾰν / φῡ́ραιεν | |
| imperative | φῦρον | φῡρᾰ́τω | φῡ́ρᾰτον | φῡρᾰ́των | φῡ́ρᾰτε | φῡρᾰ́ντων | |||
| middle | indicative | ἐφῡρᾰ́μην | ἐφῡ́ρω | ἐφῡ́ρᾰτο | ἐφῡ́ρᾰσθον | ἐφῡρᾰ́σθην | ἐφῡρᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐφῡ́ρᾰσθε | ἐφῡ́ρᾰντο |
| subjunctive | φῡ́ρωμαι | φῡ́ρῃ | φῡ́ρηται | φῡ́ρησθον | φῡ́ρησθον | φῡρώμεθᾰ | φῡ́ρησθε | φῡ́ρωνται | |
| optative | φῡραίμην | φῡ́ραιο | φῡ́ραιτο | φῡ́ραισθον | φῡραίσθην | φῡραίμεθᾰ | φῡ́ραισθε | φῡ́ραιντο | |
| imperative | φῦραι | φῡρᾰ́σθω | φῡ́ρᾰσθον | φῡρᾰ́σθων | φῡ́ρᾰσθε | φῡρᾰ́σθων | |||
| active | middle | ||||||||
| infinitive | φῦραι | φῡ́ρᾰσθαι | |||||||
| participle | m | φῡ́ρᾱς | φῡρᾰ́μενος | ||||||
| f | φῡ́ρᾱσᾰ | φῡρᾰμένη | |||||||
| n | φῦρᾰν | φῡρᾰ́μενον | |||||||
Aorist: ἐφῠ́ρην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐφῠ́ρην | ἐφῠ́ρης | ἐφῠ́ρη | ἐφῠ́ρητον | ἐφῠρήτην | ἐφῠ́ρημεν | ἐφῠ́ρητε | ἐφῠ́ρησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠρῶ | φῠρῇς | φῠρῇ | φῠρῆτον | φῠρῆτον | φῠρῶμεν | φῠρῆτε | φῠρῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῠρείην | φῠρείης | φῠρείη | φῠρεῖτον / φῠρείητον | φῠρείτην / φῠρειήτην | φῠρεῖμεν / φῠρείημεν | φῠρεῖτε / φῠρείητε | φῠρεῖεν / φῠρείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́ρηθῐ | φῠρήτω | φῠ́ρητον | φῠρήτων | φῠ́ρητε | φῠρέντων | |||||||
| passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φῠρῆναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φῠρείς | |||||||||||
| f | φῠρεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | φῠρέν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: πέφῠρμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | πέφῠρμαι | πέφῠρσαι | πέφῠρται | πέφῠρθον | πέφῠρθον | πεφῠ́ρμεθᾰ | πέφῠρθε | πεφῠ́ρᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | πεφῠρμένος ὦ | πεφῠρμένος ᾖς | πεφῠρμένος ᾖ | πεφῠρμένω ἦτον | πεφῠρμένω ἦτον | πεφῠρμένοι ὦμεν | πεφῠρμένοι ἦτε | πεφῠρμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πεφῠρμένος εἴην | πεφῠρμένος εἴης | πεφῠρμένος εἴη | πεφῠρμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | πεφῠρμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | πεφῠρμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | πεφῠρμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | πεφῠρμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | πέφῠρσο | πεφῠ́ρθω | πέφῠρθον | πεφῠ́ρθων | πέφῠρθε | πεφῠ́ρθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεφῠ́ρθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πεφῠρμένος | |||||||||||
| f | πεφῠρμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | πεφῠρμένον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀναφῡ́ρω (anaphū́rō)
- συμφῡρμός (sumphūrmós)
- συμφῡ́ρω (sumphū́rō)
- συναναφῡ́ρω (sunanaphū́rō)
- φῡ́ραμα (phū́rama)
- φῡράω (phūráō)
- φῡ́ρδην (phū́rdēn)
- φῡρός (phūrós)
Further reading
Further reading
- “φύρω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φύρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- φύρω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- φύρω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
- “φύρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φύρω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.