σφυρίζω

Greek

Alternative forms

  • σφυράω (sfyráo)

Etymology

From Byzantine Greek σφυρίζω (sphurízō), from Ancient Greek σῡρίζω (sūrízō, “play the syrinx; make a whistling sound”), from σῦρῐγξ (sûrĭnx, “quill, flute, syrinx, windpipe”) +‎ -ίζω (-ízō, “verbal suffix”),[1] with epenthesis of an -φ- (-f-),[2] possibly under the influence of Hellenistic σφῠρίον (sphŭríon, “mallet”).[3]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sfiˈri.zo/
  • Hyphenation: σφυ‧ρί‧ζω

Verb

σφυρίζω • (sfyrízo) (past σφύριξα, passive σφυρίζομαι)

  1. to whistle
  2. to hiss at
  3. to whisper

Conjugation

σφυρίζω   σφυρίζομαι
Active voice ➤ Passive voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤ Present Dependent
1 sg  (σφυράω →) σφυρίξω σφυρίζομαι σφυριχτώ3
2 sg σφυρίζεις σφυρίξεις σφυρίζεσαι σφυριχτείς
3 sg σφυρίζει σφυρίξει σφυρίζεται σφυριχτεί
1 pl σφυρίζουμε, [‑ομε] σφυρίξουμε, [‑ομε] σφυριζόμαστε σφυριχτούμε
2 pl σφυρίζετε σφυρίξετε σφυρίζεστε, σφυριζόσαστε σφυριχτείτε
3 pl σφυρίζουν(ε) σφυρίξουν(ε) σφυρίζονται σφυριχτούν(ε)
Past tenses ➤ Imperfect ➤ Simple past ➤ Imperfect Simple past
1 sg σφύριζα σφύριξα σφυριζόμουν(α) σφυρίχτηκα3
2 sg σφύριζες σφύριξες σφυριζόσουν(α) σφυρίχτηκες
3 sg σφύριζε σφύριξε σφυριζόταν(ε) σφυρίχτηκε
1 pl σφυρίζαμε σφυρίξαμε σφυριζόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) σφυριχτήκαμε
2 pl σφυρίζατε σφυρίξατε σφυριζόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) σφυριχτήκατε
3 pl σφύριζαν, σφυρίζαν(ε) σφύριξαν, σφυρίξαν(ε) σφυρίζονταν, (σφυριζόντουσαν) σφυρίχτηκαν, σφυριχτήκαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤ Continuous ➤ Simple ➤ Continuous Simple
1 sg θα ➤ θα σφυρίξω ➤ θα σφυρίζομαι ➤ θα σφυριχτώ ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl θα σφυρίζεις, … θα σφυρίξεις, … θα σφυρίζεσαι, … θα σφυριχτείς, …
Perfect aspect ➤ Perfect aspect
Present perfect ➤   έχω, έχεις, … σφυρίξει   έχω, έχεις, … σφυριχτεί
  είμαι, είσαι, … σφυριγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤
Past perfect ➤   είχα, είχες, … σφυρίξει   είχα, είχες, … σφυριχτεί
  ήμουν, ήσουν, … σφυριγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο
Future perfect ➤   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … σφυρίξει   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … σφυριχτεί
  θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … σφυριγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
2 sg σφύριζε σφύριξε, σφύριχ' 1 — σφυρίξου
2 pl σφυρίζετε σφυρίξτε, σφυρίχτε2 σφυρίζεστε σφυριχτείτε
Other forms Active voice Passive voice
Present participle➤ σφυρίζοντας ➤ —
Perfect participle➤ έχοντας σφυρίξει ➤ σφυριγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤
Nonfinite form➤ σφυρίξει σφυριχτεί
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs 		 1. Colloquial apocopic perfective imperative + accusative of article & noun or weak pronouns e.g. σφύριχ' το ("whistle it!")
 2. Colloquial.
 3. Extremely rare alternatives with learned {-χθ-} [να σφυριχθώ, σφυρίχθηκα, ...] mentioned in some dictionaries.
 • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.
  • ασφύριχτος (asfýrichtos, “not whistled (e.g. of penalty)”)
  • σφύριγμα n (sfýrigma, “whistling, hissing”)
  • σφυριξιά f (sfyrixiá, “momentary whistling”)
  • σφυριχτός (sfyrichtós, “sibilant”)
  • σφυρίχτρα f (sfyríchtra, “whistle”)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σῦρῐγξ, -ιγγος (> DER > Denominative verbs > -ίσω)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1423-4
  2. ^ σφυρίζω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
  3. ^ σφυρίζω - Babiniotis, Georgios (2002) Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: […] [Dictionary of Modern Greek (language)] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias [Lexicology Centre], 1st edition 1998, →ISBN.
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