τίγρις
See also: Τίγρις
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From an Indo-Iranian language.[1] Some suppose a relation to Avestan 𐬝𐬌𐬔𐬭𐬌 (t̰igri, “arrow”), Old Persian 𐎫𐎥𐎼 (t-g-r, “pointed, sharp”); based on these comparanda, the word would ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to point, stick”), according to Watkins.[2] Beekes notes, however, that the word referring to the animal could very well be from some foreign substrate borrowed into Iranian, and converged in form to the Iranian words for "sharp, arrow" via folk-etymological adaptation.[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tí.ɡris/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɡris/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈti.ɣris/
Noun
τῐ́γρῐς • (tĭ́grĭs) f (genitive τῐ́γρεως); third declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ τῐ́γρῐς hē tĭ́grĭs |
τὼ τῐ́γρει tṑ tĭ́grei |
αἱ τῐ́γρεις hai tĭ́greis | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς τῐ́γρεως tês tĭ́greōs |
τοῖν τῐγρέοιν toîn tĭgréoin |
τῶν τῐ́γρεων tôn tĭ́greōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ τῐ́γρει tēî tĭ́grei |
τοῖν τῐγρέοιν toîn tĭgréoin |
ταῖς τῐ́γρεσῐ / τῐ́γρεσῐν taîs tĭ́gresĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν τῐ́γρῐν tḕn tĭ́grĭn |
τὼ τῐ́γρει tṑ tĭ́grei |
τᾱ̀ς τῐ́γρεις tā̀s tĭ́greis | ||||||||||
| Vocative | τῐ́γρῐ tĭ́grĭ |
τῐ́γρει tĭ́grei |
τῐ́γρεις tĭ́greis | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Descendants
- Greek: τίγρη (tígri)
- → Aramaic: טיגריס (ṭīgrīs)
- Classical Syriac: ܛܝܓܪܝܣ (ṭīḡrīs)
- → Hebrew: טיגריס (tígris)
- → Latin: tigris (see there for further descendants)
- → Old East Slavic: тигръ (tigrŭ)
- Russian: тигр (tigr), тигръ (tigr) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
- Ukrainian: тигр (tyhr)
- → Ottoman Turkish: تكیر (tekir)
- Turkish: tekir
- → Armenian: թէքիր (tʻēkʻir)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τίγρις, -ιος, -ιδος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1481-2
- ^ “tiger”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
Further reading
- “τίγρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “τίγρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- τίγρις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 874
- τίγρις, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
Noun
τίγρις • (tígris) f
- Katharevousa form of τίγρη (tígri, “tiger”)