χήρα
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
This word replaced the old word for "widow" found in Latin vidua; a cognate of this is retained in ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos, “unmarried youth”). It is assumed that the origin of this word is Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁ro- (“derelict”), from the root *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave behind, abandon”); compare Sanskrit जहाति (jahāti, “to desert, leave, resign”) and Latin hērēs (“heir”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰɛ̌ː.raː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰe̝.ra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈçi.ra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈçi.ra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈçi.ra/
Noun
χήρᾱ • (khḗrā) f (genitive χήρᾱς); first declension
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ χήρᾱ hē khḗrā |
τὼ χήρᾱ tṑ khḗrā |
αἱ χῆραι hai khêrai | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς χήρᾱς tês khḗrās |
τοῖν χήραιν toîn khḗrain |
τῶν χηρῶν tôn khērôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ χήρᾳ tēî khḗrāi |
τοῖν χήραιν toîn khḗrain |
ταῖς χήραις taîs khḗrais | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν χήρᾱν tḕn khḗrān |
τὼ χήρᾱ tṑ khḗrā |
τᾱ̀ς χήρᾱς tā̀s khḗrās | ||||||||||
| Vocative | χήρᾱ khḗrā |
χήρᾱ khḗrā |
χῆραι khêrai | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- χῆρος (khêros)
Descendants
Further reading
- “χήρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χήρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- χήρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek χήρα (khḗra), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁ro- (“derelict”), from the root *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave behind, abandon”). Cognate with Latin heres.[1][2]
Noun
χήρα • (chíra) f (plural χήρες, masculine χήρος)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | χήρα (chíra) | χήρες (chíres) |
| genitive | χήρας (chíras) | χηρών (chirón) |
| accusative | χήρα (chíra) | χήρες (chíres) |
| vocative | χήρα (chíra) | χήρες (chíres) |
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN