айран
Bashkir
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ayran.
Cognate with Tatar әйрән (äyrän), Kazakh айран (airan), Turkish ayran.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɑj.ˈɾan]
- Hyphenation: ай‧ран
Noun
айран • (ayran)
Declension
| singular only | |
|---|---|
| absolute | айран (ayran) |
| definite genitive | айрандың (ayrandıñ) |
| dative | айранға (ayranğa) |
| definite accusative | айранды (ayrandı) |
| locative | айранда (ayranda) |
| ablative | айрандан (ayrandan) |
Bulgarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɐjˈran]
- Hyphenation(key): ай‧ран
Noun
айра́н • (ajrán) m
- (dated) alternative form of айря́н (ajrján)
Usage notes
- Before its 2002 amendment, orthographic dictionaries by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences recommended the usage айра́н (ajrán). Since then, the form айря́н (ajrján) is now considered correct.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | айра́н ajrán |
айра́ни ajráni |
| definite (subject form) |
айра́нът ajránǎt |
айра́ните ajránite |
| definite (object form) |
айра́на ajrána | |
| count form | — | айра́на ajrána |
References
- “айран”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “айра̀н, айря̀н”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 6
- “айран”, in Български тълковен речник [Bulgarian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), fourth edition, Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo, 2005, page 21
- Как се пише: айрян или айран?
Kazakh
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ayran.
Noun
айран • (airan)
- airan (Turkish cold drink made from yoghurt and water with salt and sometimes herbs)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | айран (airan) | айрандар (airandar) |
| genitive | айранның (airannyñ) | айрандардың (airandardyñ) |
| dative | айранға (airanğa) | айрандарға (airandarğa) |
| accusative | айранды (airandy) | айрандарды (airandardy) |
| locative | айранда (airanda) | айрандарда (airandarda) |
| ablative | айраннан (airannan) | айрандардан (airandardan) |
| instrumental | айранмен (airanmen) | айрандармен (airandarmen) |
Khakas
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ayran, however such a word would yield *aźran and not айран (ayran). Thus probably a borrowing from a Kipchak language.
Cognate with Tatar әйрән (äyrän), Kazakh айран (airan), Turkish ayran and Hungarian író (“buttermilk”).
Pronunciation
Noun
айран • (ayran)
Derived terms
- айран от (ayran ot, “sorrel, dock (plant)”) (lit. airan herb, cf. от (ot).)
- ӌас айран (cas ayran, “fresh, sweet airan”) (cf. ӌас (cas).)
- айран аӌыдарға (ayran acıdarğa, “airan with alcoholic content, kumiss”)
References
- (Online Russian-Khakas Dictionary) [1]
- N. A. Baskakov, A. I. Inkižekova-grekul, editor (1953), “айран”, in Xakassko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Khakas-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Ministerstvo Kulʹtury SSSR, →ISBN, page 21
Russian
Etymology
From a Turkic language; compare to Tatar әйрән (äyrän), Turkish ayran.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɐjˈran]
Audio: (file)
Noun
айра́н • (ajrán) m inan (genitive айра́на, uncountable)
Declension
Descendants
- → Ingrian: airana
Southern Altai
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ayran.
Noun
айран • (ayran)
References
N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “айран”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN
Ukrainian
Etymology
From a Turkic language; compare Crimean Tatar ayran, Turkish ayran.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɐi̯ˈran]
Noun
айра́н • (ajrán) m inan (genitive айра́ну, uncountable)
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | айра́н ajrán |
| genitive | айра́ну ajránu |
| dative | айра́нові, айра́ну ajránovi, ajránu |
| accusative | айра́н ajrán |
| instrumental | айра́ном ajránom |
| locative | айра́ну, айра́ні ajránu, ajráni |
| vocative | айра́не ajráne |
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “айран”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2025), “айран”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–15 (а – п'ять), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
Yakut
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian айран (ajran).
Noun
айран • (ayran)