како стоꙗ

Old Novgorodian

Alternative forms

Etymology

First attested in c. 1360‒1380. By surface analysis, како (kako) +‎ стоꙗти (stojati), literally “as you stand”, i.e. “without moving from your place”, “without performing any intermediate actions” ‒ hence the meaning “immediately”. Cognate with Belarusian як стой (jak stoj), Ukrainian як стiй (jak stij, “very quickly, immediately”).

Perhaps this is a calque of Medieval Latin stante pede (literally “with one's foot standing still”), a medieval juridical term meaning “on the spot, without having left the court”. Compare Swedish på stående fot, Danish på stående fod, Middle Low German stândes votes, German stehenden Fußes and Dutch op staande voet.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ка‧ко сто‧ꙗ

Phrase

како стоꙗ • (kako stoja)[1]

  1. immediately, right away
    Synonyms: око стоꙗ (oko stoja), съ проста (sŭ prosta)
    • c. 1360‒1380, Schaeken, Jos (2019) Voices on Birchbark (SSGL; 43)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, transl., Берестяная грамота № 272 [Birchbark letter no. 272]‎[3], Novgorod:
      ѿ савлиѧ ко максиму како стоѧ пришли конь цему мѧ єси погубиль · …
      otŭ savliję ko maksimu kako stoję prišli konĭ ćemu mę jesi pogubilĭ · …
      From Savlij to Maksim. Send a horse as soon as possible. Why have you ruined me? …
    • c. 1380‒1400, Берестяная грамота № 942 [Birchbark letter no. 942]‎[4], Novgorod:
      … [ꙗ къ] жени своѥи ульꙗни поидь симь какъ стоꙗ
      … [ja kŭ] ženi svojei ulĭjani poidĭ simĭ kakŭ stoja
      … I am to my wife Ulyana. Come here immediately.

References

  1. ^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎[1] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: LRC Publishing House, →ISBN, page 587

Further reading

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