крещя
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *krěščati (cf. Serbo-Croatian крије́штати) or *kręščati (Gerov), of onomatopoeic origin. By surface analysis, кря́сък (krjásǎk, “shout, cry”) + -я (-ja).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [krɛʃˈtʲɤ̟]
Verb
крещя́ • (kreštjá) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (intransitive) to shout, to scream, to yell, to cry
- крещя́ като подивя́л (intransitive) ― kreštjá kato podivjál ― to scream like a madman
- to squawk, to shriek, to screech (of animals, typically birds)
- (transitive) to shout out, to scold, to address loudly and fiercely
- (expressive) to bray, to clamor (to make discordant harsh noises in result of irritation or rage)
- (by extension, figurative) to announce in loud tone
- А после, когато чуеш историята му, тя просто крещи да го назначат на работа някъде възможно най-бързо.
- A posle, kogato čueš istorijata mu, tja prosto krešti da go naznačat na rabota njakǎde vǎzmožno naj-bǎrzo.
- And then when you hear his story, it's just screaming to get him a job somewhere ASAP.
Conjugation
Conjugation of крещя́ (conjugation 2.2, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | крещя́щ kreštjášt |
крещя́л kreštjál |
крещя́л kreštjál |
— | креще́йки kreštéjki | |
| definite subject form | крещя́щият kreštjáštijat |
креще́лият kreštélijat |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | крещя́щия kreštjáštija |
креще́лия kreštélija |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | крещя́ща kreštjášta |
крещя́ла kreštjála |
крещя́ла kreštjála |
— | ||
| definite | крещя́щата kreštjáštata |
крещя́лата kreštjálata |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | крещя́що kreštjášto |
крещя́ло kreštjálo |
крещя́ло kreštjálo |
— | креще́не krešténe | |
| definite | крещя́щото kreštjáštoto |
крещя́лото kreštjáloto |
— | — | креще́нето krešténeto | ||
| plural | indefinite | крещя́щи kreštjášti |
креще́ли kreštéli |
креще́ли kreštéli |
— | креще́ния, креще́нета krešténija, krešténeta | |
| definite | крещя́щите kreštjáštite |
креще́лите kreštélite |
— | — | креще́нията, креще́нетата krešténijata, krešténetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | крещя́ kreštjá |
крещи́ш kreštíš |
крещи́ kreští |
крещи́м kreštím |
крещи́те kreštíte |
крещя́т kreštját | |
| imperfect | крещя́х kreštjáh |
креще́ше kreštéše |
креще́ше kreštéše |
крещя́хме kreštjáhme |
крещя́хте kreštjáhte |
крещя́ха kreštjáha | |
| aorist | крещя́х kreštjáh |
крещя́ kreštjá |
крещя́ kreštjá |
крещя́хме kreštjáhme |
крещя́хте kreštjáhte |
крещя́ха kreštjáha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and крещя́л m, крещя́ла f, крещя́ло n, or креще́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| крещи́ kreští |
креще́те kreštéte |
||||||
Derived terms
- закрещя́ pf (zakreštjá), закрещя́вам impf (zakreštjávam)
- изкрещя́ pf (izkreštjá), изкрещя́вам impf (izkreštjávam)
- креще́л (kreštél, “type of bird”) (dialectal)
- накрещя́ се pf (nakreštjá se), накрещя́вам се impf (nakreštjávam se)
- покрещя́ pf (pokreštjá), покрещя́вам impf (pokreštjávam)
- разкрещя́ се pf (razkreštjá se), разкрещя́вам се impf (razkreštjávam se)
Related terms
- кря́скам impf (krjáskam), кря́свам impf (krjásvam), кре́сна pf (krésna, “to scream out”)
- кря́кам (krjákam, “to quack, to shriek”)
- крик (krik, “shriek”) (dialectal)
References
- “крещя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “крещя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “крещя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 5
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1901) “крѧщѭ́, -и́шь; -щѣ́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 36