обида
Bulgarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [oˈbidɐ]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *obvida, most likely synchronically representing an action/result noun of об- (ob-) + ви́дя (vídja, “to see”) + -а (-a, abstraction suffix) (cf. Old Church Slavonic обидѣти (obiděti, “to disrespect”)). Meaning probably developed via semantic shift “overlooking, watching in another direction” → “disrespect” → “unfair attitude, insult”.
Noun
оби́да • (obída) f (relational adjective оби́ден)
- offence, insult, slander (scornful remark or attitude)
- Synonyms: ху́ла (húla), напа́дка (napádka)
- feeling of resentment, indignation (from being insulted)
- Synonym: оскърбле́ние (oskǎrblénie)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | оби́да obída |
оби́ди obídi |
| definite | оби́дата obídata |
оби́дите obídite |
Derived terms
- оби́дя pf (obídja), оби́ждам impf (obíždam, “to insult”)
- обидчи́в (obidčív, “easily offended”)
Related terms
References
- “обида”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “обида”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “обида¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 741
- обида in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"
Etymology 2
From об- (ob-) + и́да (ída, “to come”) (cf. Old Church Slavonic обити (obiti, “to go around”)).
Verb
оби́да • (obída) first-singular present indicative, pf (imperfective оби́ждам or оби́двам) (dialectal)
- (transitive) to visit around, to come by, to circumfer
- възнамеря́вам да оби́да ... ― vǎznamerjávam da obída ... ― to intend to visit around / take a tour over ...
- (by extension) to come across, to stumble upon, to encounter (while going around)
- Synonyms: наобиколя́ (naobikoljá), спохо́дя (spohódja)
Conjugation
Conjugation of оби́да (conjugation 1.1, irregular, perfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | — | оби́шъл, обишъ́л, оби́шел1 obíšǎl, obišǎ́l, obíšel1 |
оби́дел obídel |
— | — | |
| definite subject form | — | оби́шлият, обишли́ят obíšlijat, obišlíjat |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | — | оби́шлия, обишли́я obíšlija, obišlíja |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | — | оби́шла, обишла́ obíšla, obišlá |
оби́дела obídela |
— | ||
| definite | — | оби́шлата, обишла́та obíšlata, obišláta |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | — | оби́шло, обишло́ obíšlo, obišló |
оби́дело obídelo |
— | — | |
| definite | — | оби́шлото, обишло́то obíšloto, obišlóto |
— | — | — | ||
| plural | indefinite | — | оби́шли, обишли́ obíšli, obišlí |
оби́дели obídeli |
— | — | |
| definite | — | оби́шлите, обишли́те obíšlite, obišlíte |
— | — | — | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | оби́да obída |
оби́деш obídeš |
оби́де obíde |
оби́дем obídem |
оби́дете obídete |
оби́дат obídat | |
| imperfect | оби́дех obídeh |
оби́деше obídeše |
оби́деше obídeše |
оби́дехме obídehme |
оби́дехте obídehte |
оби́деха obídeha | |
| aorist | оби́дох obídoh |
оби́де obíde |
оби́де obíde |
оби́дохме obídohme |
оби́дохте obídohte |
оби́доха obídoha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and оби́дел m, оби́дела f, оби́дело n, or оби́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and оби́дел m, оби́дела f, оби́дело n, or оби́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and оби́дел m, оби́дела f, оби́дело n, or оби́дели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| обиди́ obidí |
обиде́те obidéte |
||||||
1Dialectal.
References
- “обиждам², обида (диал.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “обиждам², обидя, обида (диал.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 742
- обити in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"
Old Church Slavonic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *obvida, from *obviděti, from *ob- + *viděti.
Noun
обида • (obida) f
- offence, insult, injustice
- from Codex Marianus, 3062800:
- Благословите клънѫщѧѩ вꙑ · молите сѧ за творѧштѧѩ вамъ обидѫ ·
- Blagoslovite klŭnǫštęję vy · molite sę za tvoręštęję vamŭ obidǫ ·
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- from Codex Marianus, 3062800:
- resentment (feeling); grudges
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | обида obida |
обидѣ obidě |
обидꙑ obidy |
| genitive | обидꙑ obidy |
обидоу obidu |
обидъ obidŭ |
| dative | обидѣ obidě |
обидама obidama |
обидамъ obidamŭ |
| accusative | обидѫ obidǫ |
обидѣ obidě |
обидꙑ obidy |
| instrumental | обидоѭ obidojǫ |
обидама obidama |
обидами obidami |
| locative | обидѣ obidě |
обидоу obidu |
обидахъ obidaxŭ |
| vocative | обидо obido |
обидѣ obidě |
обидꙑ obidy |
Derived terms
- обидьливъ (obidĭlivŭ)
- обидьливьство (obidĭlivĭstvo)
- обидѣние (obiděnije)
- обидѣти (obiděti)
- прѣобидѣние (prěobiděnije)
- прѣобидѣти (prěobiděti)
- оуобидѣти (uobiděti)
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obvida, from *obviděti, from *ob- + *viděti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɐˈbʲidə]
Audio: (file)
Noun
оби́да • (obída) f inan (genitive оби́ды, nominative plural оби́ды, genitive plural оби́д, diminutive оби́дка)
Declension
Declension of оби́да (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a)
Pre-reform declension of оби́да (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a)
Further reading
- Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882) “обида”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
- обида in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru