лев

See also: Лев, ле̄в, and лєв

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lьvъ. Compare also sense of currency to Romanian leu.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [lɛf]
Audio: (file)

Noun

лев • (lev) m

(numismatics) lev (currency of Bulgaria)
(archaic) lion (mammal)
Synonym: (modern) лъв (lǎv)
- 1854, Добри Петров Чинтулов, “Стани, стани, юнак балкански”:
  Да стане лева наш балкански, от него вятър да повей
  Та полумесец отомански под черен облак да тъмней.
  Da stane leva naš balkanski, ot nego vjatǎr da povej
  Ta polumesec otomanski pod čeren oblak da tǎmnej.
  May our Balkan lion rise, and from him a wind be stirred
  That the Ottoman crescent below black cloud be obscured.

Declension

Declension of лев
	singular	plural
indefinite	лев lev	ле́вове lévove
definite (subject form)	ле́вът lévǎt	ле́вовете lévovete
definite (object form)	ле́ва léva	ле́вовете lévovete
count form	—	ле́ва léva
vocative form	ле́ве léve	ле́вове lévove

Descendants

→ Danish: lev c
→ English: lev
→ Portuguese: lev m
→ Russian: лев m (lev)
→ Swedish: lev c
→ Ukrainian: лев m (lev)

References

“лев”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“лев”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Komi-Zyrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian лев (lev).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʎeʋ/, [ˈʎeʋ]
Hyphenation: лев

Noun

лев • (ľev)

lion (Panthera leo)

Declension

Declension of *лев* (stem: лев-)
		singular	plural
nominative		лев (ľev)	левъяс (ľevjas)
accusative	I ¹	лев (ľev)	левъяс (ľevjas)
accusative	II ¹	левӧс (ľevös)	левъясӧс (ľevjasös)
instrumental		левӧн (ľevön)	левъясӧн (ľevjasön)
comitative		левкӧд (ľevköd)	левъяскӧд (ľevjasköd)
caritive		левтӧг (ľevtög)	левъястӧг (ľevjastög)
consecutive		левла (ľevla)	левъясла (ľevjasla)
genitive		левлӧн (ľevlön)	левъяслӧн (ľevjaslön)
ablative		левлысь (ľevlyś)	левъяслысь (ľevjaslyś)
dative		левлы (ľevly)	левъяслы (ľevjasly)
inessive		левын (ľevyn)	левъясын (ľevjasyn)
elative		левысь (ľevyś)	левъясысь (ľevjasyś)
illative		левӧ (ľevö)	левъясӧ (ľevjasö)
egressive		левсянь (ľevśań)	левъяссянь (ľevjasśań)
approximative		левлань (ľevlań)	левъяслань (ľevjaslań)
terminative		левӧдз (ľevödź)	левъясӧдз (ľevjasödź)
prolative	I	левӧд (ľevöd)	левъясӧд (ľevjasöd)
prolative	II	левті (ľevti)	левъясті (ľevjasti)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of лев

First person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		левӧй (ľevöj)	левъясӧй (ľevjasöj)
accusative	I ¹	левӧй (ľevöj)	левъясӧй (ľevjasöj)
accusative	II ¹	левӧс (ľevös)	левъясӧс (ľevjasös)
instrumental		левнам (ľevnam)	левъяснам (ľevjasnam)
comitative		левӧйкӧд (ľevöjköd)	левъясӧйкӧд (ľevjasöjköd)
caritive		левтӧгым (ľevtögym)	левъястӧгым (ľevjastögym)
consecutive		левӧйла (ľevöjla)	левъясӧйла (ľevjasöjla)
genitive		левӧйлӧн (ľevöjlön)	левъясӧйлӧн (ľevjasöjlön)
ablative		левӧйлысь (ľevöjlyś)	левъясӧйлысь (ľevjasöjlyś)
dative		левӧйлы (ľevöjly)	левъясӧйлы (ľevjasöjly)
inessive		левам (ľevam)	левъясам (ľevjasam)
elative		левсьым (ľevśym)	левъяссьым (ľevjasśym)
illative		левам (ľevam)	левъясам (ľevjasam)
egressive		левсяньым (ľevśańym)	левъяссяньым (ľevjasśańym)
approximative		левланьым (ľevlańym)	левъясланьым (ľevjaslańym)
terminative		левӧдзым (ľevödźym)	левъясӧдзым (ľevjasödźym)
prolative	I	левӧдым (ľevödym)	левъясӧдым (ľevjasödym)
prolative	II	левтіым (ľevtiym)	левъястіым (ľevjastiym)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		левыд (ľevyd)	левъясыд (ľevjasyd)
accusative	I ¹	левыд (ľevyd)	левъясыд (ľevjasyd)
accusative	II ¹	левтӧ (ľevtö)	левъястӧ (ľevjastö)
instrumental		левнад (ľevnad)	левъяснад (ľevjasnad)
comitative		левыдкӧд (ľevydköd)	левъясыдкӧд (ľevjasydköd)
caritive		левтӧгыд (ľevtögyd)	левъястӧгыд (ľevjastögyd)
consecutive		левыдла (ľevydla)	левъясыдла (ľevjasydla)
genitive		левыдлӧн (ľevydlön)	левъясыдлӧн (ľevjasydlön)
ablative		левыдлысь (ľevydlyś)	левъясыдлысь (ľevjasydlyś)
dative		левыдлы (ľevydly)	левъясыдлы (ľevjasydly)
inessive		левад (ľevad)	левъясад (ľevjasad)
elative		левсьыд (ľevśyd)	левъяссьыд (ľevjasśyd)
illative		левад (ľevad)	левъясад (ľevjasad)
egressive		левсяньыд (ľevśańyd)	левъяссяньыд (ľevjasśańyd)
approximative		левланьыд (ľevlańyd)	левъясланьыд (ľevjaslańyd)
terminative		левӧдзыд (ľevödźyd)	левъясӧдзыд (ľevjasödźyd)
prolative	I	левӧдыд (ľevödyd)	левъясӧдыд (ľevjasödyd)
prolative	II	левтіыд (ľevtiyd)	левъястіыд (ľevjastiyd)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		левыс (ľevys)	левъясыс (ľevjasys)
accusative	I ¹	левыс (ľevys)	левъясыс (ľevjasys)
accusative	II ¹	левсӧ (ľevsö)	левъяссӧ (ľevjassö)
instrumental		левнас (ľevnas)	левъяснас (ľevjasnas)
comitative		левыскӧд (ľevysköd)	левъясыскӧд (ľevjasysköd)
caritive		левтӧгыс (ľevtögys)	левъястӧгыс (ľevjastögys)
consecutive		левысла (ľevysla)	левъясысла (ľevjasysla)
genitive		левыслӧн (ľevyslön)	левъясыслӧн (ľevjasyslön)
ablative		левыслысь (ľevyslyś)	левъясыслысь (ľevjasyslyś)
dative		левыслы (ľevysly)	левъясыслы (ľevjasysly)
inessive		левас (ľevas)	левъясас (ľevjasas)
elative		левсьыс (ľevśys)	левъяссьыс (ľevjasśys)
illative		левас (ľevas)	левъясас (ľevjasas)
egressive		левсяньыс (ľevśańys)	левъяссяньыс (ľevjasśańys)
approximative		левланьыс (ľevlańys)	левъясланьыс (ľevjaslańys)
terminative		левӧдзыс (ľevödźys)	левъясӧдзыс (ľevjasödźys)
prolative	I	левӧдыс (ľevödys)	левъясӧдыс (ľevjasödys)
prolative	II	левтіыс (ľevtiys)	левъястіыс (ľevjastiys)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

First person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		левным (ľevnym)	левъясным (ľevjasnym)
accusative	I ¹	левным (ľevnym)	левъясным (ľevjasnym)
accusative	II ¹	левнымӧ (ľevnymö)	левъяснымӧ (ľevjasnymö)
instrumental		левнаным (ľevnanym)	левъяснаным (ľevjasnanym)
comitative		левнымкӧд (ľevnymköd)	левъяснымкӧд (ľevjasnymköd)
caritive		левтӧгным (ľevtögnym)	левъястӧгным (ľevjastögnym)
consecutive		левнымла (ľevnymla)	левъяснымла (ľevjasnymla)
genitive		левнымлӧн (ľevnymlön)	левъяснымлӧн (ľevjasnymlön)
ablative		левнымлысь (ľevnymlyś)	левъяснымлысь (ľevjasnymlyś)
dative		левнымлы (ľevnymly)	левъяснымлы (ľevjasnymly)
inessive		леваным (ľevanym)	левъясаным (ľevjasanym)
elative		левсьыным (ľevśynym)	левъяссьыным (ľevjasśynym)
illative		леваным (ľevanym)	левъясаным (ľevjasanym)
egressive		левсяньным (ľevśańnym)	левъяссяньным (ľevjasśańnym)
approximative		левланьным (ľevlańnym)	левъясланьным (ľevjaslańnym)
terminative		левӧдзным (ľevödźnym)	левъясӧдзным (ľevjasödźnym)
prolative	I	левӧдным (ľevödnym)	левъясӧдным (ľevjasödnym)
prolative	II	левтіным (ľevtinym)	левъястіным (ľevjastinym)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		левныд (ľevnyd)	левъясныд (ľevjasnyd)
accusative	I ¹	левныд (ľevnyd)	левъясныд (ľevjasnyd)
accusative	II ¹	левнытӧ (ľevnytö)	левъяснытӧ (ľevjasnytö)
instrumental		левнаныд (ľevnanyd)	левъяснаныд (ľevjasnanyd)
comitative		левныдкӧд (ľevnydköd)	левъясныдкӧд (ľevjasnydköd)
caritive		левтӧгныд (ľevtögnyd)	левъястӧгныд (ľevjastögnyd)
consecutive		левныдла (ľevnydla)	левъясныдла (ľevjasnydla)
genitive		левныдлӧн (ľevnydlön)	левъясныдлӧн (ľevjasnydlön)
ablative		левныдлысь (ľevnydlyś)	левъясныдлысь (ľevjasnydlyś)
dative		левныдлы (ľevnydly)	левъясныдлы (ľevjasnydly)
inessive		леваныд (ľevanyd)	левъясаныд (ľevjasanyd)
elative		левсьыныд (ľevśynyd)	левъяссьыныд (ľevjasśynyd)
illative		леваныд (ľevanyd)	левъясаныд (ľevjasanyd)
egressive		левсяньныд (ľevśańnyd)	левъяссяньныд (ľevjasśańnyd)
approximative		левланьныд (ľevlańnyd)	левъясланьныд (ľevjaslańnyd)
terminative		левӧдзныд (ľevödźnyd)	левъясӧдзныд (ľevjasödźnyd)
prolative	I	левӧдныд (ľevödnyd)	левъясӧдныд (ľevjasödnyd)
prolative	II	левтіныд (ľevtinyd)	левъястіныд (ľevjastinyd)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		левныс (ľevnys)	левъясныс (ľevjasnys)
accusative	I ¹	левныс (ľevnys)	левъясныс (ľevjasnys)
accusative	II ¹	левнысӧ (ľevnysö)	левъяснысӧ (ľevjasnysö)
instrumental		левнаныс (ľevnanys)	левъяснаныс (ľevjasnanys)
comitative		левнымкӧс (ľevnymkös)	левъяснымкӧс (ľevjasnymkös)
caritive		левтӧгныс (ľevtögnys)	левъястӧгныс (ľevjastögnys)
consecutive		левнысла (ľevnysla)	левъяснысла (ľevjasnysla)
genitive		левныслӧн (ľevnyslön)	левъясныслӧн (ľevjasnyslön)
ablative		левныслысь (ľevnyslyś)	левъясныслысь (ľevjasnyslyś)
dative		левныслы (ľevnysly)	левъясныслы (ľevjasnysly)
inessive		леваныс (ľevanys)	левъясаныс (ľevjasanys)
elative		левсьыныс (ľevśynys)	левъяссьыныс (ľevjasśynys)
illative		леваныс (ľevanys)	левъясаныс (ľevjasanys)
egressive		левсяньныс (ľevśańnys)	левъяссяньныс (ľevjasśańnys)
approximative		левланьныс (ľevlańnys)	левъясланьныс (ľevjaslańnys)
terminative		левӧдзныс (ľevödźnys)	левъясӧдзныс (ľevjasödźnys)
prolative	I	левӧдныс (ľevödnys)	левъясӧдныс (ľevjasödnys)
prolative	II	левтіныс (ľevtinys)	левъястіныс (ľevjastinys)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

References

L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 343

Macedonian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěvъ, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂iwos. Cognate to Latin laevus, Greek λαιός (laiós).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [lɛf]

Adjective

лев • (lev) (superlative најлев)

left
leftist

Declension

Declension of *лев*
positive	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	лев (lev)	лева (leva)	лево (levo)	леви (levi)
definite unspecified	левиот (leviot)	левата (levata)	левото (levoto)	левите (levite)
definite proximal	левиов (leviov)	левава (levava)	левово (levovo)	левиве (levive)
definite distal	левион (levion)	левана (levana)	левоно (levono)	левине (levine)

comparative	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	—	—	—	—
definite unspecified	—	—	—	—
definite proximal	—	—	—	—
definite distal	—	—	—	—

superlative	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	најлев (najlev)	најлева (najleva)	најлево (najlevo)	најлеви (najlevi)
definite unspecified	најлевиот (najleviot)	најлевата (najlevata)	најлевото (najlevoto)	најлевите (najlevite)
definite proximal	најлевиов (najleviov)	најлевава (najlevava)	најлевово (najlevovo)	најлевиве (najlevive)
definite distal	најлевион (najlevion)	најлевана (najlevana)	најлевоно (najlevono)	најлевине (najlevine)

Antonyms

десен (desen)

Etymology 2

Noun

лев • (lev) m

lev (Bulgarian currency)

Declension

Declension of *лев*
	singular	plural
indefinite	лев (lev)	леви (levi)
definite unspecified	левот (levot)	левите (levite)
definite proximal	левов (levov)	левиве (levive)
definite distal	левон (levon)	левине (levine)
vocative	леву (levu)	леви (levi)
count form	—	лева (leva)

Russian

Alternative forms

левъ (lev) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [lʲef]
Audio: (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьvъ, likely a borrowing from a Germanic language, ultimately from Latin leo.

Noun

лев • (lev) m anim (genitive льва, nominative plural львы, genitive plural львов, feminine льви́ца, relational adjective льви́ный)

lion
Synonym: (idiomatic) царь звере́й (carʹ zveréj)

све́тский лев (dated, idiom) ― svétskij lev ― person of high society, who enjoys great success in it (literally, “society lion”)

Declension

Declension of лев (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-b reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	ле́в lév	львы́ lʹvý
genitive	льва́ lʹvá	льво́в lʹvóv
dative	льву́ lʹvú	льва́м lʹvám
accusative	льва́ lʹvá	льво́в lʹvóv
instrumental	льво́м lʹvóm	льва́ми lʹvámi
prepositional	льве́ lʹvé	льва́х lʹváx

Derived terms

львёнок m anim (lʹvjónok)
льви́ный (lʹvínyj)
льви́ца f anim (lʹvíca)
львя́тник m (lʹvjátnik)

Compounds:

морско́й лев m anim (morskój lev)
муравьи́ный лев m anim (muravʹínyj lev)
From льви́ный (lʹvínyj):
- льви́ная до́ля f (lʹvínaja dólja)

Related terms

Леони́д m anim (Leoníd)
леопа́рд m anim (leopárd)

Descendants

→ Ingrian: leva
→ Kildin Sami: левв (ljevv)
→ Komi-Zyrian: лев (ľev)
→ Ossetian: лев (lev)
→ Veps: lev

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lǎv, “lion”).

Noun

лев • (lev) m inan (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́вы, genitive plural ле́вов)

(numismatics) lev (currency of Bulgaria)

Declension

Declension of лев (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ле́в lév	ле́вы lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вов lévov
dative	ле́ву lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	ле́в lév	ле́вы lévy
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévami
prepositional	ле́ве léve	ле́вах lévax

Etymology 3

Adjective

лев • (lev)

short masculine singular of ле́вый (lévyj)

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɫɛu̯]
Audio: (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *lьvъ.

Noun

лев • (lev) m animal (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́ви, genitive plural ле́вів, female equivalent леви́ця, relational adjective леви́ний or ле́в'ячий, diminutive левеня́)

lion

Declension

Declension of *лев*
(animal hard masc-form accent-a)
	singular	plural
nominative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вів léviv
dative	ле́вові, ле́ву lévovi, lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	ле́ва léva	ле́ви, ле́вів lévy, léviv
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévamy
locative	ле́вові, ле́ві lévovi, lévi	ле́вах lévax
vocative	ле́ве léve	ле́ви lévy

Noun

лев • (lev) m pers (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́ви, genitive plural ле́вів)

A person with a Leo star sign.

Declension

Declension of *лев*
(pers hard masc-form accent-a)
	singular	plural
nominative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вів léviv
dative	ле́вові, ле́ву lévovi, lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	ле́ва léva	ле́вів léviv
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévamy
locative	ле́вові, ле́ві lévovi, lévi	ле́вах lévax
vocative	ле́ве léve	ле́ви lévy

Etymology 2

From Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lǎv, “lion”).

Noun

лев • (lev) m inan (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́ви, genitive plural ле́вів)

(numismatics) lev (currency of Bulgaria)

Declension

Declension of *лев*
(inan hard masc-form accent-a)
	singular	plural
nominative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вів léviv
dative	ле́ву lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévamy
locative	ле́ві lévi	ле́вах lévax
vocative	ле́ве léve	ле́ви lévy

References

Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лев”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
“лев”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
“лев”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)

Bulgarian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

References

Komi-Zyrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Macedonian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Antonyms

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Russian

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Further reading

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Etymology 3

Adjective

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

References