надо
Russian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old East Slavic надо (nado), надобѣ (nadobě), from dative/locative singular of надоба (nadoba), from Proto-Slavic *nadoba, from *na- + *doba.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈnadə]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -adə
- IPA(key): [ˈnadɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
- IPA(key): [ˈnaː] (fast or careless speech)
Predicative
на́до • (nádo)
- (one) must, (it is) necessary
- 1972 [1955, 1938], Лазарь Лагин [Lazar Lagin], “Третье приключение в метро [Third Adventure at the Metro]”, in Старик Хоттабыч [Starik Xottabyč, Old Man Khottabych], pages 168-169:
- Подошёл дежурный по станции, увидел разбросанные по перрону клочья бороды и сказал:
— Гражданин, в метро надо соблюдать тишину... и чистоту...- Podošól dežurnyj po stancii, uvidel razbrosannyje po perronu kločʹja borody i skazal:
— Graždanin, v metro nado sobljudatʹ tišinu... i čistotu... - The officer on duty at the station came by, saw the tufts of beard scattered on the platform, and said:
“Citizen, at the metro it's necessary to keep silence... and cleanliness...”
- Podošól dežurnyj po stancii, uvidel razbrosannyje po perronu kločʹja borody i skazal:
- one needs, one wants, one has to
- Synonyms: надлежи́т (nadležít), необходи́мо (neobxodímo), ну́жно (núžno), тре́буется (trébujetsja), сле́дует (slédujet)
- Мне на́до уйти́. ― Mne nádo ujtí. ― I have to leave.
- Так ему́ и на́до! ― Tak jemú i nádo! ― He deserves it!
- на́до бы ― nádo by ― (one) ought to
- 1925, Михаил Булгаков [Mikhail Bulgakov], “Глава 4. Попадья Дроздова”, in Роковые яйца; English translation from K. M. Cook-Horujy, transl., The Fateful Eggs, Moscow: Raduga Publishers, 1990:
- — Что вам на́до? — спроси́л Пе́рсиков таки́м го́лосом, что Панкра́т мгнове́нно ушё́л за дверь, — ведь вам же сказа́ли, что я за́нят?
- — Što vam nádo? — sprosíl Pérsikov takím gólosom, što Pankrát mgnovénno ušól za dverʹ, — vedʹ vam že skazáli, što ja zánjat?
- "What do you want?" asked Persikov in a voice which sent Pankrat scuttling out of the room. "Weren't you told that I am busy?"
Usage notes
The word combination "не на́до" is used in combination with imperfective infinitive verbs. For example,
- Не на́до печа́литься. ― Ne nádo pečálitʹsja. ― There is no need to be sad.
- Не на́до держа́ть отве́т. ― Ne nádo deržátʹ otvét. ― There is no need to answer.
- Не на́до бы́ло пуга́ть бе́лок. ― Ne nádo býlo pugátʹ bélok. ― There was no need to scare the squirrels.
Не на́до is translated as "can't", "mustn't", "needn't", or "don't" (negative imperative).
Related terms
- на́добный (nádobnyj), на́добно (nádobno), на́добность f (nádobnostʹ)
Descendants
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old East Slavic надъ (nadŭ), надо (nado), from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nədə]
- IPA(key): [nədɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
- IPA(key): [ˈnadə] (when stressed)
- IPA(key): [ˈnadɐ] (when stressed and before a stressed syllable)
Preposition
надо • (nado) [with instrumental]
Usage notes
- This is a variant of над (nad) which is sometimes used before words beginning with certain consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-).
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “над”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “надо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*nadъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 15
Southern Yukaghir
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian на́до (nádo).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈnadə]
- Rhymes: -adə
- Hyphenation: на‧до
Predicative
надо (nado)
- it is necessary that
References
- Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 26
Tundra Nenets
Etymology 1
From Proto-Samoyedic *nåto, from Proto-Uralic *nataw.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nʌdo]
- Hyphenation: на‧до
Noun
надо • (nado)
- brother-in-law (one's husband's younger brother)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nədo]
- Hyphenation: на‧до
Noun
нӑдо • (nădo)
References
- Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 308; 310
- N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “нӑдо”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
Ukrainian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈnadɔ]
- Hyphenation: на‧до
Preposition
на́до • (nádo) (+ instrumental case)
- (colloquial) alternative form of на́ді (nádi)