нижа
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizati, iterative of низ (niz, “thread”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈniʒɐ]
Verb
ни́жа • (níža) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (transitive) to string, to thread
- нижа мънисто ― niža mǎnisto ― to string beads
- (reflexive with се) to file, to proceed in a series
Conjugation
Conjugation of ни́жа (conjugation 1.4, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ни́жещ nížešt |
ни́зал, низа́л1 nízal, nizál1 |
ни́жел nížel |
ни́зан nízan |
ни́жейки nížejki | |
| definite subject form | ни́жещият nížeštijat |
ни́залият, низа́лият1 nízalijat, nizálijat1 |
— | ни́заният nízanijat | |||
| definite object form | ни́жещия nížeštija |
ни́залия, низа́лия1 nízalija, nizálija1 |
— | ни́зания nízanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ни́жеща nížešta |
ни́зала, низа́ла1 nízala, nizála1 |
ни́жела nížela |
ни́зана nízana | ||
| definite | ни́жещата nížeštata |
ни́залата, низа́лата1 nízalata, nizálata1 |
— | ни́заната nízanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ни́жещо nížešto |
ни́зало, низа́ло1 nízalo, nizálo1 |
ни́жело níželo |
ни́зано nízano |
ни́зане nízane | |
| definite | ни́жещото nížeštoto |
ни́залото, низа́лото1 nízaloto, nizáloto1 |
— | ни́заното nízanoto |
ни́зането nízaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ни́жещи nížešti |
ни́зали, низа́ли1 nízali, nizáli1 |
ни́жели níželi |
ни́зани nízani |
ни́зания, ни́занета nízanija, nízaneta | |
| definite | ни́жещите nížeštite |
ни́залите, низа́лите1 nízalite, nizálite1 |
— | ни́заните nízanite |
ни́занията, ни́занетата nízanijata, nízanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ни́жа níža |
ни́жеш nížeš |
ни́же níže |
ни́жем nížem |
ни́жете nížete |
ни́жат nížat | |
| imperfect | ни́жех nížeh |
ни́жеше nížeše |
ни́жеше nížeše |
ни́жехме nížehme |
ни́жехте nížehte |
ни́жеха nížeha | |
| aorist | ни́зах, низа́х1 nízah, nizáh1 |
ни́за, низа́1 níza, nizá1 |
ни́за, низа́1 níza, nizá1 |
ни́захме, низа́хме1 nízahme, nizáhme1 |
ни́захте, низа́хте1 nízahte, nizáhte1 |
ни́заха, низа́ха1 nízaha, nizáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ни́жел m, ни́жела f, ни́жело n, or ни́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ни́жел m, ни́жела f, ни́жело n, or ни́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́жел m, ни́жела f, ни́жело n, or ни́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ни́зал/низа́л1 m, ни́зала/низа́ла1 f, ни́зало/низа́ло1 n, or ни́зали/низа́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| нижи́ niží |
ниже́те nižéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
- внижа pf (vniža), внизвам impf (vnizvam)
- изнижа се pf (izniža se), изнизвам се impf (iznizvam se)
- нанижа pf (naniža), нанизвам impf (nanizvam)
- ни́за (níza, “threadwork, series”) (dialectal)
- понижа pf (poniža), понизвам impf (ponizvam)
- пронижа pf (proniža), пронизвам impf (pronizvam, “to stab, to pierce”)
See also
- низя́ (nizjá, “to lower, to deminish”) (causative-iterative of низ (niz, “below, nether”))
References
- “нижа”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “нижа”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “ни́жѭ, -ишь; низа́хъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 270
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nʲɪˈʐa]
Participle
нижа́ • (nižá)
- present adverbial imperfective participle of низа́ть (nizátʹ)