повинен

Inherited from Middle Ukrainian повиненъ, повыненъ (povynen, povynen), from Old East Slavic повиньнъ (povinĭnŭ), the sense "obligated, ought" may have been reinforced by Old Polish powinien, as it was uncommon in Old East Slavic. By surface analysis, по (po) +‎ вина́ (vyná) +‎ -ен (-en). Cognate with Belarusian паві́нен (pavínjen), Polish powinien.

• IPA^(key): [pɔˈʋɪnen]

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пови́нен • (povýnen) (feminine пови́нна, neuter пови́нне, plural пови́нні)

1. must (+ infinitive)
2. should, ought to (+ infinitive)
3. have to (+ infinitive)
4. (rare) owe, obligated, obliged, indebted (to somebody: + dative case)

In all tenses with the exception of the present tense, the appropriate forms of the verb бу́ти (búty) are used.

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “повинен”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “повинен”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “повинен”, in English–Ukrainian Dictionaries
• “повинен”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “повинен”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “повинен”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)