השכים

Hebrew

Root
שׁ־כ־ם (sh-k-m)
2 terms

Etymology

Denominative of שְׁכֶם (sh'khem, “shoulder”) with the proper meaning of "putting a load on the back of a beast of burden", an activity which nomadic tribes tend to do very early in the morning as preparation for their continuing journey. This proper idea became more general and put an emphasis on the aspect of waking up early, thus developing to "rising early and doing something" and finally to simply "rising early in the morning".

Pronunciation

Verb

הִשְׁכִּים • (hishkím) (hif'il construction)

  1. (intransitive) to rise early in the morning (often followed by בַּבֹּקֶר)
    • Tanach, Genesis 19:27, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      וַיַּשְׁכֵּם אַבְרָהָם בַּבֹּקֶר אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־עָמַד שָׁם אֶת־פְּנֵי יְהֹוָה׃
      And Abraham got up early in the morning to the place where he had stood before the LORD.
    • Tanach, Exodus 24:4, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      וַיִּכְתֹּב מֹשֶׁה אֵת כׇּל־דִּבְרֵי יְהֹוָה וַיַּשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר וַיִּבֶן מִזְבֵּחַ תַּחַת הָהָר וּשְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה מַצֵּבָה לִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃
      And Moses wrote all the words of the LORD, and rose up early in the morning, and builded an altar under the mount, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel.

Conjugation

Conjugation of הִשְׁכִּים (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
non-finite forms to-infinitive לְהַשְׁכִּים
action noun הַשְׁכָּמָה
finite forms singular plural
m f m f
past first הִשְׁכַּמְתִּי הִשְׁכַּמְנוּ
second הִשְׁכַּמְתָּ הִשְׁכַּמְתְּ הִשְׁכַּמְתֶּם הִשְׁכַּמְתֶּן
third הִשְׁכִּים הִשְׁכִּימָה הִשְׁכִּימוּ
present מַשְׁכִּים מַשְׁכִּימָה מַשְׁכִּימִים מַשְׁכִּימוֹת
future first אַשְׁכִּים נַשְׁכִּים
second תַּשְׁכִּים תַּשְׁכִּימִי תַּשְׁכִּימוּ תַּשְׁכֵּמְנָה1
third יַשְׁכִּים תַּשְׁכִּים יַשְׁכִּימוּ תַּשְׁכֵּמְנָה1
imperative הַשְׁכֵּם הַשְׁכִּימִי הַשְׁכִּימוּ הַשְׁכֵּמְנָה1

1 Rare in Modern Hebrew.

References

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