שמש
See also: שמשׂ
Aramaic
Verb
שמש • (transliteration needed)
- to serve
Hebrew
Etymology 1
| Root |
|---|
| שׁ־מ־שׁ (sh-m-sh) |
| 10 terms |
From Proto-Semitic *śamš-.
Pronunciation
- (Biblical Hebrew) IPA(key): /ʃamʃ/
- (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA(key): /ˈʃɛmɛʃ/, [ˈʃɛːmɛʃ]
- (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA(key): /ˈʃemeʃ/
Noun
שֶׁמֶשׁ • (shémesh) f (plural indefinite שְׁמָשׁוֹת, Biblical Hebrew pausal form שָׁמֶש) [pattern: קֶטֶל]
- sun
- Synonym: חַמָּה (khamá)
- Tanach, Ecclesiastes 1:5, with translation of jps:
- וְזָרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וּבָא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ וְאֶל־מְקוֹמוֹ שׁוֹאֵף זוֹרֵחַ הוּא שָׁם׃
- v'zarákh hashémesh uva hashámesh v'el m'komó sho'éf zoréakh hu sham
- The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he ariseth.
- a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud. Ta'anit, 8b:
- וְאָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: שֶׁמֶשׁ בְּשַׁבָּת — צְדָקָה לַעֲנִיִּים
- v'amár rabí yitskhák: shémesh b'shabát — ts'daká la'aniyím
- and R. Isaac said: Sabbath sun is charity for the poor.
Declension
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number: | State: | form | Person: | singular | plural | ||
| m | f | m | f | ||||
| singular | indefinite | שֶׁמֶשׁ | first | שַׁמְשִׁי | שַׁמְשֵׁנוּ | ||
| definite | הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ | second | שַׁמְשְׁךָ | שַׁמְשֵׁךְ | שַׁמְשְׁכֶם | שַׁמְשְׁכֶן | |
| construct | שֶׁמֶשׁ־ | third | שַׁמְשׁוֹ | שַׁמְשָׁהּ | שַׁמְשָׁם | שַׁמְשָׁן | |
Derived terms
- אֵין כָּל חָדָשׁ תַּחַת הַשָּׁמֶשׁ (en kol khadásh tákhat hashámesh)
- בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ (bet shémesh)
- דּוּד שֶׁמֶשׁ (dud shémesh)
- מַעֲרֶכֶת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (ma'arékhet hashémesh)
- מִשְׁקְפֵי שֶׁמֶשׁ m pl (mishk'fé shémesh, “sunglasses”)
- עיט שמש (áyit shémesh)
- שִׁמְשִׁי (shimshí)
- שְׁעוֹן שֶׁמֶשׁ (sh'ón shémesh)
References
- H8121 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Klein, Ernest (1987) “שֶׁמֶשׁ”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English[1], Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 668b
- Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature[2], London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 1602b
- “שמש” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
Further reading
- השמש on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia he
Etymology 2
| Root |
|---|
| שׁ־מ־שׁ (sh-m-sh) |
| 10 terms |
Noun
שַׁמָּשׁ • (shamásh) m [pattern: קַטָּל]
- public servant
- (Judaism) sexton, beadle
- (Judaism) shamash (the candle used to light the other eight candles of a Hanukkah menorah or hanukkiah)
- (Mishna) waiter
- Synonym: מלצר (meltsár)
Descendants
See also
- שליח ציבור (shalíakh tsibúr)
- גבאי (gabái)
Further reading
- (specialized candle): Hanukkah menorah
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
שִׁמֵּשׁ • (shimésh) (pi'el construction)
- defective spelling of שימש.
Yiddish
Noun
שמש • (shames)
- (nonstandard) Unpointed form of שמשׂ (shames).