שרה

See also: שׂרה

Hebrew

Root
שׂ־ר־ר (s-r-r)
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *śarār (“to rule”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒊩𒈗 (šarratum, “queen”).

Proper noun

שָׂרָה • (sará) f [pattern: קַטְלָה]

  1. a female given name, equivalent to English Sarah
  2. (biblical) Sarah (the wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac in the Bible)
References
Further reading

Noun

שָׂרָה • (sará) f (masculine counterpart שַׂר) [pattern: קַטְלָה]

  1. (Biblical Hebrew) lady, princess, queen
  2. (government) a female cabinet minister
References

Etymology 2

Compare Arabic شَرَى (šarā, “to persevere”).

Verb

שָׂרָה • (sará) (pa'al construction)

  1. to be or become great, prince-like
  2. to contend, struggle, wrestle, overcome
    • Tanach, Genesis 32:28:
      וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֹד שִׁמְךָ כִּי אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי־שָׂרִיתָ עִם־אֱלֹהִים וְעִם־אֲנָשִׁים וַתּוּכָל׃
      vayómer ló ya'akóv ye'amér 'ód shim'khá kí 'im-yisra'él ki-saríta 'im-'elohím v'im-'anashím vatukhál.
      wayyṓmer lō yaʿăqōḇ yēʾāmēr ʿōḏ šiməḵā kī ʾim-yiśrāʾēl kī-śārī́ṯā ʿim-ʾĕlōhīm wəʾim-ʾănāšīm wattūḵāl.
      Translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      And he said: ‘Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel; for thou hast striven with God and with men, and hast prevailed.’
      Translation of Aryeh Kaplan, based on Onkelos and others:
      Your name will no longer be Jacob, but Israel. You have become great before God and man. You have won.
      Alternative translation of Aryeh Kaplan, based on the Septuagint and others:
      […] You have fought (or struggled) with a divine being and you have won.
      Translation of the King James Version:
      And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
      Young's Literal Translation:
      And he saith, ‘Thy name is no more called Jacob, but Israel; for thou hast been a prince with God and with men, and dost prevail.’
      Translation of the American Standard Version:
      And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for thou hast striven with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
Conjugation
Conjugation of שָׂרָה (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
non-finite forms to-infinitive לִשְׂרוֹת
action noun —
passive participle —
finite forms singular plural
m f m f
past first שָׂרִיתִי שָׂרִינוּ
second שָׂרִיתָ שָׂרִית שְׂרִיתֶם1 שְׂרִיתֶן1
third שָׂרָה שָׂרְתָה שָׂרוּ
present שׂוֹרֶה שׂוֹרָה שׂוֹרִים שׂוֹרוֹת
future first אֶשְׂרֶה נִשְׂרֶה
second תִּשְׂרֶה תִּשְׂרִי תִּשְׂרוּ תִּשְׂרֶינָה2
third יִשְׂרֶה תִּשְׂרֶה יִשְׂרוּ תִּשְׂרֶינָה2
imperative שְׂרֵה שְׂרִי שְׂרוּ שְׂרֶינָה2

1 Pronounced שָׂרִיתֶם and שָׂרִיתֶן in informal Modern Hebrew.
2 Rare in Modern Hebrew.

References

Etymology 3

Root
שׁ־ר־ה (sh-r-h)
2 terms

Verb

שָׁרָה • (shará) (pa'al construction)

  1. (literary) (intransitive) to soak, permeate
  2. (Biblical Hebrew) to let loose
Conjugation
Conjugation of שָׁרָה (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
non-finite forms to-infinitive לִשְׁרוֹת
action noun שְׁרִיָּה
passive participle שָׁרוּי
finite forms singular plural
m f m f
past first שָׁרִיתִי שָׁרִינוּ
second שָׁרִיתָ שָׁרִית שְׁרִיתֶם1 שְׁרִיתֶן1
third שָׁרָה שָׁרְתָה שָׁרוּ
present שׁוֹרֶה שׁוֹרָה שׁוֹרִים שׁוֹרוֹת
future first אֶשְׁרֶה נִשְׁרֶה
second תִּשְׁרֶה תִּשְׁרִי תִּשְׁרוּ תִּשְׁרֶינָה2
third יִשְׁרֶה תִּשְׁרֶה יִשְׁרוּ תִּשְׁרֶינָה2
imperative שְׁרֵה שְׁרִי שְׁרוּ שְׁרֶינָה2

1 Pronounced שָׁרִיתֶם and שָׁרִיתֶן in informal Modern Hebrew.
2 Rare in Modern Hebrew.

References

Etymology 4

Root
שׁ־י־ר (sh-y-r)
3 terms

Verb

שרה

  1. (שָׁרָה, shára) Third-person feminine singular past (suffix conjugation) of שָׁר (shar).
  2. (שָׁרָה, shará) Feminine singular present participle and present tense of שָׁר (shar).

Yiddish

Proper noun

שרה • (sore)

  1. (nonstandard) Unpointed form of שׂרה (sore).
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