آکڑ
Pahari-Potwari
Etymology
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (*ākkaḍa).
Noun
آکَڑ (ākaṛ) f
Further reading
- شیراز ،طاہِر [Tahir, Shiraz] (2016) “آکڑ”, in شِیرازُ الْلُّغات: پوٹھوہارِی لُغَت [Pothohari Dictionary] (in Urdu), Peshawar: گَنْدھارا ہِنْدْکو اَکَیڈَمِی (gandhārā hindko akaiḍamī) [Gandhara Hindko Academy], →ISBN, page 6, column 2.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ākkaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 45
Punjabi
Etymology
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (*ākkaḍa). Cognate to Saraiki آکِڑ (ākuṛu), Sindhi آڪُڙُ (ākuṛu) / آڪَڙِ (ākaṛi), Urdu اَکَڑ (akaṛ) / Hindi अकड़ (akaṛ), Marathi अकड (akaḍ), Gujarati અકડ (akaḍ) and Nepali अक्कर (akkar).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /äː.kəɽ/, [äː.kɐɽᵊ]
Noun
آکَڑ • (ākaṛ) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਕੜ)
- arrogance, conceit (excessive self-esteem; disregard for the opinions of others)
- Synonym: گُھمَنْڈ (ghumanḍ)
- crookedness, stiffness (state of being stiff; tightness)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | آکَڑ (ākaṛ) | آکَڑاں (ākaṛāṉ) |
| oblique | آکَڑ (ākaṛ) | آکَڑاں (ākaṛāṉ) |
| vocative | آکَڑے (ākaṛe) | آکَڑو (ākaṛo) |
| ablative | آکَڑوں (ākaṛoṉ) | آکَڑاں (ākaṛāṉ) |
| locative | آکَڑی (ākaṛī) | آکَڑِیں (ākaṛīṉ) |
| instrumental | آکَڑِیں (ākaṛīṉ) | آکَڑے (ākaṛe) |
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “آکڑ”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
- “ਆਕੜ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ākkaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 45