ارتد

See also: أرتد, ازبد, and أزبد

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ر د د (r d d)
18 terms

Compare رَدَّ (radda, “to return”).

Verb

اِرْتَدَّ • (irtadda) VIII (non-past يَرْتَدُّ (yartaddu), verbal noun اِرْتِدَاد (irtidād)) (intransitive)

to move back quickly or forcefully
1. to bounce back; to recoil
(Islam, derogatory, of a convert) to revert [with عَن (ʕan) ‘from (orthodoxy)’ and إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to un-Islamic practices’]; to degenerate religiously; to regress; to backslide
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:217:
  وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّى يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ إِنِ ٱسْتَطَاعُوا ۚ وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلْآخِرَةِ
  walā yazālūna yuqātilūnakum ḥattā yaruddūkum ʕan dīnikum ʔini staṭāʕū waman yartadid minkum ʕan dīnihī fayamut wahuwa kāfirun fa-ʔulāʔika ḥabiṭat ʔaʕmāluhum fī d-dunyā wal-ʔāḵirati
  And they will yet fight you, that they may pull you back from your religion if they can. And who reverts from his religion and dies a nonbeliever, his deeds shall come to naught, in this life and the last!
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 5:54:
  يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَن يَرْتَدَّ مِنْكُمْ عَن دِينِهِ فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِي ٱللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ
  yā ʔayyuhā llaḏīna ʔāmanū man yartadda minkum ʕan dīnihi fasawfa yaʔtī llāhu biqawmin yuḥibbuhum wayuḥibbūnahu
  O you who have believed! Whoever of you switches back from his religion, Allah shall bring another people whom He loves and who love Him [in his stead].
1. (Islam, derogatory) to turn, drift, shift, or fall away عَن (ʕan, “from”) Islam (especially openly or publicly), to leave or renounce Islam, to apostatize
(copulative) to become; to turn back
Hypernyms: see Thesaurus:صار
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:96:
  فَلَمَّا أَن جَاءَ الْبَشِيرُ أَلْقَاهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَٱرْتَدَّ بَصِيرًا
  falammā ʔan jāʔa l-bašīru ʔalqāhu ʕalā wajhihi fartadda baṣīran
  And when the bringer of glad tidings came to him, he threw it on his face, and he turned sighted.

Conjugation

Conjugation of **اِرْتَدَّ** (VIII, geminate, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun *اِرْتِدَاد*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					اِرْتِدَاد irtidād
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُرْتَدّ murtadd
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُرْتَدّ murtadd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	اِرْتَدَدْتُ irtadadtu	اِرْتَدَدْتَ irtadadta	اِرْتَدَّ irtadda	اِرْتَدَدْتُمَا irtadadtumā	اِرْتَدَّا irtaddā	اِرْتَدَدْنَا irtadadnā	اِرْتَدَدْتُمْ irtadadtum	اِرْتَدُّوا irtaddū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	اِرْتَدَدْتُ irtadadtu	اِرْتَدَدْتِ irtadadti	اِرْتَدَّتْ irtaddat	اِرْتَدَدْتُمَا irtadadtumā	اِرْتَدَّتَا irtaddatā	اِرْتَدَدْنَا irtadadnā	اِرْتَدَدْتُنَّ irtadadtunna	اِرْتَدَدْنَ irtadadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرْتَدُّ ʔartaddu	تَرْتَدُّ tartaddu	يَرْتَدُّ yartaddu	تَرْتَدَّانِ tartaddāni	يَرْتَدَّانِ yartaddāni	نَرْتَدُّ nartaddu	تَرْتَدُّونَ tartaddūna	يَرْتَدُّونَ yartaddūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَرْتَدُّ ʔartaddu	تَرْتَدِّينَ tartaddīna	تَرْتَدُّ tartaddu	تَرْتَدَّانِ tartaddāni	تَرْتَدَّانِ tartaddāni	نَرْتَدُّ nartaddu	تَرْتَدِدْنَ tartadidna	يَرْتَدِدْنَ yartadidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرْتَدَّ ʔartadda	تَرْتَدَّ tartadda	يَرْتَدَّ yartadda	تَرْتَدَّا tartaddā	يَرْتَدَّا yartaddā	نَرْتَدَّ nartadda	تَرْتَدُّوا tartaddū	يَرْتَدُّوا yartaddū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَرْتَدَّ ʔartadda	تَرْتَدِّي tartaddī	تَرْتَدَّ tartadda	تَرْتَدَّا tartaddā	تَرْتَدَّا tartaddā	نَرْتَدَّ nartadda	تَرْتَدِدْنَ tartadidna	يَرْتَدِدْنَ yartadidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرْتَدَّ, أَرْتَدِّ, أَرْتَدِدْ ʔartadda, ʔartaddi, ʔartadid	تَرْتَدَّ, تَرْتَدِّ, تَرْتَدِدْ tartadda, tartaddi, tartadid	يَرْتَدَّ, يَرْتَدِّ, يَرْتَدِدْ yartadda, yartaddi, yartadid	تَرْتَدَّا tartaddā	يَرْتَدَّا yartaddā	نَرْتَدَّ, نَرْتَدِّ, نَرْتَدِدْ nartadda, nartaddi, nartadid	تَرْتَدُّوا tartaddū	يَرْتَدُّوا yartaddū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تَرْتَدِّي tartaddī	تَرْتَدَّ, تَرْتَدِّ, تَرْتَدِدْ tartadda, tartaddi, tartadid	تَرْتَدَّا tartaddā	تَرْتَدَّا tartaddā		تَرْتَدِدْنَ tartadidna	يَرْتَدِدْنَ yartadidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِرْتَدَّ, اِرْتَدِّ, اِرْتَدِدْ irtadda, irtaddi, irtadid		اِرْتَدَّا irtaddā			اِرْتَدُّوا irtaddū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِرْتَدِّي irtaddī		اِرْتَدَّا irtaddā			اِرْتَدِدْنَ irtadidna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	اُرْتُدَّ urtudda	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُرْتَدُّ yurtaddu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُرْتَدَّ yurtadda	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُرْتَدَّ, يُرْتَدِّ, يُرْتَدَدْ yurtadda, yurtaddi, yurtadad	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Derived terms

اِرْتَدَّ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ (irtadda ʕalā ʕaqibayhi, idiom)
اِرْتَدَّ عَلَى دُبُرِهِ (irtadda ʕalā duburihi, idiom)

References

Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “ارتد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate.
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ارتد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 2

Verb

اِرْتَدِ • (irtadi) (form VIII) /ir.ta.di/

second-person masculine singular imperative of اِرْتَدَى (irtadā)