استخدام

Arabic

Root
خ د م (ḵ d m)
9 terms

Etymology

From the root خ د م (ḵ d m), from اِسْتَخْدَمَ (istaḵdama).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /is.tix.daːm/
Rhymes: -aːm
Audio: (file)

Noun

اِسْتِخْدَام • (istiḵdām) m (plural اِسْتِخْدَامَات (istiḵdāmāt))

verbal noun of اِسْتَخْدَمَ (istaḵdama) (form X)
use, employment
Synonym: اِسْتِعْمَال (istiʕmāl)
making use of or hiring one's services
looking out for work or service

Declension

Declension of noun **اِسْتِخْدَام** (istiḵdām)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	اِسْتِخْدَام istiḵdām	الِاسْتِخْدَام al-istiḵdām	اِسْتِخْدَام istiḵdām
nominative	اِسْتِخْدَامٌ istiḵdāmun	الِاسْتِخْدَامُ al-istiḵdāmu	اِسْتِخْدَامُ istiḵdāmu
accusative	اِسْتِخْدَامًا istiḵdāman	الِاسْتِخْدَامَ al-istiḵdāma	اِسْتِخْدَامَ istiḵdāma
genitive	اِسْتِخْدَامٍ istiḵdāmin	الِاسْتِخْدَامِ al-istiḵdāmi	اِسْتِخْدَامِ istiḵdāmi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	اِسْتِخْدَامَيْن istiḵdāmayn	الِاسْتِخْدَامَيْن al-istiḵdāmayn	اِسْتِخْدَامَيْ istiḵdāmay
nominative	اِسْتِخْدَامَانِ istiḵdāmāni	الِاسْتِخْدَامَانِ al-istiḵdāmāni	اِسْتِخْدَامَا istiḵdāmā
accusative	اِسْتِخْدَامَيْنِ istiḵdāmayni	الِاسْتِخْدَامَيْنِ al-istiḵdāmayni	اِسْتِخْدَامَيْ istiḵdāmay
genitive	اِسْتِخْدَامَيْنِ istiḵdāmayni	الِاسْتِخْدَامَيْنِ al-istiḵdāmayni	اِسْتِخْدَامَيْ istiḵdāmay
plural	sound feminine plural
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	اِسْتِخْدَامَات istiḵdāmāt	الِاسْتِخْدَامَات al-istiḵdāmāt	اِسْتِخْدَامَات istiḵdāmāt
nominative	اِسْتِخْدَامَاتٌ istiḵdāmātun	الِاسْتِخْدَامَاتُ al-istiḵdāmātu	اِسْتِخْدَامَاتُ istiḵdāmātu
accusative	اِسْتِخْدَامَاتٍ istiḵdāmātin	الِاسْتِخْدَامَاتِ al-istiḵdāmāti	اِسْتِخْدَامَاتِ istiḵdāmāti
genitive	اِسْتِخْدَامَاتٍ istiḵdāmātin	الِاسْتِخْدَامَاتِ al-istiḵdāmāti	اِسْتِخْدَامَاتِ istiḵdāmāti

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: istixdam
→ Persian: استخدام
→ Ottoman Turkish: استخدام (istihdâm)
- → Turkish: istihdam

References

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “استخدام”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen
Wehr, Hans (1979) “خير”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Pashto

Etymology

From Arabic اِسْتِخْدَام (istiḵdām).

Pronunciation

Noun

استخدام • (estexdām) m

employment

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِخْدَام (istiḵdām).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔis.tix.ˈdaːm/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪx.d̪ɑ́ːm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪs.t̪ʰɪx.d̪ɑ́ːm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔis.t̪ʰix.d̪ɔ́ːm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔes.t̪ʰex.d̪ɒ́ːm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔis.t̪ʰiχ.d̪ɔ́m]

Readings
Classical reading^?	istixdām
Dari reading^?	istixdām
Iranian reading^?	estexdâm
Tajik reading^?	istixdom

Noun


Iranian Persian	اِسْتِخدام
Dari	اِسْتِخدام
Tajik	истихдом

استخدام • (estexdâm)

employment
― qarârdâd-e estexdâm ― employment contract

Derived terms

استخدام شدن (estexdâm šodan, “to be employed”)
استخدام کردن (estexdâm kardan, “to employ”)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
خ د م
5 terms

Etymology

From Arabic اِسْتِخْدَام (istiḵdām). Equivalent to the verbal noun of استخدم (istaḵdam, “to use”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /is.tix.daːm/, [ɪs.tɪxˈdæːm]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Noun

استخدام • (istiḵdām) m

use, usage
Synonym: استعمال (istiʕmāl)