بوستان
Arabic
Noun
بُوسْتَانِ • (būstāni) ?
- nominative dual of بُوسْت (būst, “a post on the internet”)
Ottoman Turkish
Alternative forms
- بوصتان (bostan)
- պօսթան (bostan) — Armeno-Turkish
Etymology
From Classical Persian بوستان (bōstān).
Noun
بوستان • (bostan)
Derived terms
- بوستانجی (bostancı, “gardener”)
Descendants
- Turkish: bostan
- → Albanian: bostan
- → Aromanian: bustane
- → Bulgarian: боста́н (bostán)
- → Byzantine Greek: μποστάνι (mpostáni)
- Greek: μποστάνι (bostáni)
- → Crimean Tatar: bostan
- → Ladino: bostan, bustan
- → Macedonian: бостан (bostan)
- → Romanian: bostan, bostană
- → Serbo-Croatian:
References
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بوستان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[1], Vienna, column 923
Persian
Alternative forms
- بستان (bostân)
Etymology
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwdstʾn'), 𐫁𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwystʾn), 𐫁𐫇𐫏𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwyystʾn /bōyestān/, “(flower) garden”). By surface analysis, بو (bô, “fragrance”) + ـسْتان (-stân, “place of”).
Cognate with Parthian 𐫁𐫇𐫅𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwdystʾn /bōδestān/), Sogdian [script needed] (βōδistān, “garden”) and Iranian borrowings Aramaic בּוּסְתְּנָא (būstenā), Classical Syriac ܒܘܣܬܢܐ (būstānā), Old Armenian բուրաստան (burastan).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /boːs.ˈtaːn/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [boːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [buːs.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bɵs.t̪ʰɔ́n]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | bōstān |
| Dari reading? | bōstān |
| Iranian reading? | bustân |
| Tajik reading? | büston |
Noun
بوستان • (bōstān / bustân) (plural بوستانها (bōstān-hā / bustân-hâ), Tajik spelling бӯстон)
Derived terms
- بوستانبان (bôstânbân)
- بوستانی (bôstâni)
Descendants
- → Arabic: بُسْتَان (bustān)
- → Shehri: məstún
- → Swahili: bustani
- → Azerbaijani: bostan
- → Bashkir: бостан (bostan)
- → Chagatai: بوستان
- → Georgian: ბოსტანი (bosṭani)
- → Gujarati: બોસ્તાન (bostān)
- → Hebrew: בֻּסְתָּן (bustān)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: बोस्तान (bostān)
- Urdu: بوسْتان (bostān)
- → Malay: bustan
- Indonesian: bustan
- → Middle Armenian: պօստան (pōstan)
- Armenian: բոստան (bostan)
- → Northern Kurdish: bostan
- → Ottoman Turkish: بوستان (bostân), بوصتان (bostan), պօսթան (bostan) — Armeno-Turkish
- → Punjabi:
- Shahmukhi script: بوسْتان (bostān)
- → Russian: башта́н (baštán)
- → Ukrainian: башта́н (baštán)
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “բոյր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 471
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bōyestān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian بوسْتَان (bōstān).
Noun
بوسْتان • (bostān) m
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “بوستان”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian بوسْتَان (bōstān). By surface analysis, بو (bo, “fragrance”) + ـسْتان (-stān, “place of”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /boːs.t̪ɑːn/
Noun
بوسْتان • (bostān) m (Hindi spelling बोस्तान)
Further reading
- Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “بوستان”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]
- “بوستان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- “بوستان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
Uyghur
| Other scripts | |
|---|---|
| Perso-Arabic | بوستان |
| Latin | bostan |
| Cyrillic | бостан |
Etymology
From Chagatai بوستان, from Classical Persian بوستان (bōstān).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bostɑn/
Noun
بوستان • (bostan) (plural بوستانلار (bostanlar))
Further reading
- Schwarz, Henry G. (1992) An Uyghur-English Dictionary (East Asian Research Aids & Translations; 3), Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University, →ISBN