بیگانه

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian byk'nk' (/⁠bēgānag⁠/, “stranger”).^[1] Cognate to Northern Kurdish biyanî.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /beː.ɡaː.ˈna/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [beː.ɡɑː.nä]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [beː.ɡɑː.nä]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [beː.ɡɔː.nä]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [biː.ɡɒː.ne]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [be.ɡɔ.nä]

Readings
Classical reading^?	bēgāna
Dari reading^?	bēgāna
Iranian reading^?	bigâne
Tajik reading^?	begona

Adjective

بیگانه • (bigâne)

foreign, alien
strange, exotic, unfamiliar

Noun

بیگانه • (bigâne) (plural بیگانگان (bigânegân), or بیگانه‌ها (bigâne-hâ))

outsider
foreigner
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 263:
  در زمین مردمان خانه مکن
  کار خود کن کار بیگانه مکن
  dar zamīn-i mardumān xāne ma-kun
  kār-i xwad kun kār-i bēgāna ma-kun
  Do not make your home in (other) men's land:
  do your own work, don't do the work of a stranger.

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: biganə
→ Bengali: বেগানা (begana)
→ Gujarati: બેગાના (begānā)
→ Old Hindi: बेगांनां (begā̃nā̃)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: बेगाना (begānā)
  Urdu: بیگانَہ (begānā)
→ Old Punjabi: ਬੇਗਾਨਾ (begānā), ਬਿਗਾਨਾ (bigānā, “strange, odd, unrelated, alien”)
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਬਿਗਾਨਾ (bigānā)
  Shahmukhi script: بِگانہ (bigānh)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بیكانه (bigane)
- Turkish: bigâne
→ Sindhi:
Arabic script: ويڳاڻو

Devanagari script: वेॻाणो

References

^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bēgānag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 18