حکومت
Pashto
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Classical Persian حُکُومَت (hukūmat), borrowed from Arabic حُكُومَة (ḥukūma), from حَكَمَ (ḥakama).
Noun
حکومت • (hukumát) m
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic حُكُومَة (ḥukūma), from حَكَمَ (ḥakama).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /hu.kuː.ˈmat/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [hʊ.kʰuː.mǽt̪]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ho.kʰuː.mǽt̪]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [hu.kʰu.mǽt̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | hukūmat |
| Dari reading? | hukūmat |
| Iranian reading? | hokumat |
| Tajik reading? | hukumat |
Audio (Iran): (file)
Noun
حکومت • (hukūmat / hokumat) (plural حکومت‌ها (hukūmat-hā / hokumat-hâ), Tajik spelling ҳукумат)
Usage notes
- In contemporary Iranian contexts, the word دولت (dowlat, “government”) refers to that section of the government presided by the رئیس‌جمهور (ra'is-jomhur, “President”) and his cabinet. The word حکومت (hokumat, “state”) refers to the entirety of the governmental apparatus under the supervision of the رهبر (rahbar, “Supreme Leader”).
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| bare | حکومت (hokumat) | حکومت‌ها، حکومتا△ (hokumat-hấ, hokumatấ△) |
| definitive direct object | حکومت را، حکومت رو△ (hokumat râ, hokumato△) | حکومت‌ها را، حکومتا رو△ (hokumat-hấ râ, hokumatấ ro△) |
| ezâfe | حکومت (hokumat-e) | حکومت‌های، حکومتای△ (hokumat-hấ-ye, hokumatấ-ye△) |
| marked indefinite or relative definite |
حکومتی (hokumat-i) | حکومت‌هایی، حکومتایی△ (hokumatấn-i, hokumat-hấ-i, hokumatấi△) |
△ Colloquial.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular (“my”) |
حکومتم (hokumátam) | حکومت‌هایم، حکومت‌هام، حکومتام△ (hokumat-hấyam, hokumatấm△) |
| 2nd person singular (“your”) |
حکومتت (hokumátat, hokumátet△) | حکومت‌هایت، حکومت‌هات، حکومتات△ (hokumat-hấyat, hokumatất△) |
| 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
حکومتش (hokumátaš, hokumáteš△) | حکومت‌هایش، حکومت‌هاش، حکومتاش△ (hokumat-hấyaš, hokumatấš△) |
| 1st person plural (“our”) |
حکومتمان، حکومتمون△ (hokumátemân, hokumátemun△) | حکومت‌هایمان، حکومت‌هامون، حکومتامون△ (hokumat-hấyemân, hokumatấmun△) |
| 2nd person plural (“your”) |
حکومتتان، حکومتتون△ (hokumátetân, hokumátetun△) | حکومت‌هایتان، حکومت‌هاتون، حکومتاتون△ (hokumat-hấyetân, hokumatấtun△) |
| 3rd person plural (“their”) |
حکومتشان، حکومتشون△ (hokumátešân, hokumátešun△) | حکومت‌هایشان، حکومت‌هاشون، حکومتاشون△ (hokumat-hấyešân, hokumatấšun△) |
△ Colloquial.
Descendants
- Tajik: ҳукумат (hukumat)
- → Azerbaijani: hökumət, hökümət
- → Bashkir: хөкүмәт (xökümət)
- → Bengali: হুকুমত (hukumot)
- → Gujarati: હકૂમત (hakūmat)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: үкімет (ükımet)
- → Kumyk: гьукумат (hukumat)
- → Kyrgyz: өкмөт (ökmöt)
- → Marathi: हुकमत (hukmat)
- → Pashto: حکومَت (hukumát)
- → Punjabi: ਹਕੂਮਤ (hakūmat)
- → Tatar: хөкүмәт (xökümät)
- → Turkmen: hökümet
- → Uyghur: ھۆكۈمەت (hökümet)
- → Uzbek: hukumat
Urdu
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Classical Persian حُکُومَت (hukūmat), borrowed from Arabic حُكُومَة (ḥukūma), from حَكَمَ (ḥakama).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɦʊ.kuː.mət̪/
- (colloquial) IPA(key): [ɦə.kuː.mət̪]
Audio (Pakistan): (file) - Rhymes: -ət̪
- Hyphenation: حُ‧کُو‧مَت
Noun
حُکُومَت • (hukūmat) f (Hindi spelling हुकूमत)
- government
- Synonym: سَرْکَار (sarkār)
- power, reign, rule
- Synonym: دَور (daur)
- jurisdiction; authority
- Synonym: اِخْتِیَار (ixtiyār)
Usage notes
- (Sense 1): In Pakistan, this term is preferred over the now-proscribed term سَرْکَار (sarkār), except in certain historical contexts and the derived term سَرْکَارِی (sarkārī). In India, both terms are used, but حُکُومَت (hukūmat) is mostly used in formal contexts, whereas سَرْکَار (sarkār) is used in both formal and informal contexts.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | حُکُومَت (hukūmat) | حُکُومَتیں (hukūmatẽ) |
| oblique | حُکُومَت (hukūmat) | حُکُومَتوں (hukūmatõ) |
| vocative | حُکُومَت (hukūmat) | حُکُومَتو (hukūmato) |
See also
Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ح ك م (0 c, 3 e)
Further reading
- “حکومت”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “حکومت”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “حکومت”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “حکومت”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “حکومت”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- John Shakespear (1834) “حکومت”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC