خرما

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

  • خرمه (hurma), خورما (hurma), خورمه (hurma)

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خرما (xurmâ, “date”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwlmʾk' /⁠xormā⁠/, “date”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [xuɾˈmɑ], [huɾˈmɑ]

Noun

خرما • (hurma) (definite accusative خرمایی (hurmayı), plural خرمالر (hurmalar))

  1. date, the fruit of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), containing a soft, sweet pulp and enclosing a hard kernel

Derived terms

  • تازه خرما (taze hurma, “fresh date”)
  • خرما آغاجی (hurma ağacı, “date palm”)
  • خرما صالقمی (hurma salkımı, “clump of dates”)
  • خرما طاتلوسی (hurma tatlısı, “a dessert made of dates”)
  • خرما طوریسی (hurma dorusu, “brown bay color in horses”)
  • خرمالق (hurmalık, “plantation of date palms”)
  • خرمایی (hurmayı, “date-colored”)
  • طربزون خرماسی (tırabızon hurması, “silverberry”)
  • عاصی خرما (ʼasî hurma, “Theban palm”)
  • عاصی خرما صمغی (ʼasî hurma samğı, “bdellium”)
  • قورو خرما (kuru hurma, “dry date”)

Descendants

  • Turkish: hurma
  • → Adyghe: хъурмэ (ꭓʷurmɛ)
  • → Albanian: hurmë
  • → Belarusian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)
  • → Bulgarian: фурма́ (furmá, “persimmon”)
  • → Crimean Tatar: hurma
  • → Estonian: hurmaa
  • → Greek: χουρμάς (chourmás)
  • → Ido: hurmo
  • → Latvian: hurma
  • → Macedonian: урма (urma)
  • → Polish: hurma
  • → Russian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: хурма, у̀рма
    Latin script: hurma, ùrma
  • → Tatar: хөрмә (xörmä, “persimmon”)
  • → Ukrainian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)

Further reading

click to expand

Persian

FWOTD – 23 July 2016

Etymology

    From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Tg) / [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwlmʾk' /⁠xormā⁠/, “date”), possibly from earlier *harmāw. The logogram is from Aramaic 𐡕𐡌𐡓𐡉𐡍 pl (tmryn, “dates”).

    Compare Parthian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwlmʾk /⁠xurmāg⁠/) and [Book Pahlavi needed] (Tg /⁠*amrāw⁠/), both forms appeared in Draxt ī Āsūrīg. The former is from Middle Persian. For reading of the latter, compare Manichaean Parthian 𐫀𐫖𐫡𐫀𐫇 (ʾmrʾw /⁠amrāw⁠/) and Old Armenian արմաւ (armaw) (see Korn).

    Akin to Kumzari أرما (“date (fruit)”), Baluchi هرماگ (hurmág, “date; fully ripe date fruit”). Compare also Sanskrit खर्जु (kharju) (wild date tree).

    Pronunciation

     

    Readings
    Classical reading? xurmā
    Dari reading? xurmā
    Iranian reading? xormâ
    Tajik reading? xurmo

    Noun

    خرما • (xurmā / xormâ) (plural خرماها (xurmā-hā / xormâ-hâ), Tajik spelling хурмо)

    1. date (fruit)
      • 940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
        بکن کار و کرده بیزدان سپار
        بخرما چه یازی چو ترسی ز خار
        bokon kâr u karda ba-yazdân sepâr
        ba-xormâ če yâzi ču tarsi ze xâr
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    References

    • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “xormā”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 94
    • Henning. W. B. (1950), "A Pahlavi Poem", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 13, No. 3., page 645
    • Korn, Agnes (2013) “Final troubles: Armenian stem classes and the word-end in Late Old Persian”, in Toxtasʹjev S. R., Lurʹje P. B., editors, Commentationes Iranicae. Sbornik statej k 90-letiju Vladimira Aronoviča Livšica‎[6], Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istorija, →ISBN, page 81, note 39:
      HENNING (1950, p. 645) notes that the Pth. form is amrāw as seen in “Man. ʾmrʾw, against Arm. armav”, and thus reads amrāw for the Arameogram Tg in the Draxt ī Asūrīg while MACIUSZAK (2007, p. 65, 125, 184) reads (the NP form) xormā on account of <hwlmʾk> occuring [sic] some lines later in the text. ʾmrʾw is found in the unpublished fragment M 171 II R 10 (Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst, pers. comm.). The relevant part of the fragment is partially broken off, though (see the photo at http://www.bbaw.de/forschung/turfanforschung/dta/m/images/m0171_seite2.jpg).
    • «КОРБУРДИ ВОЖАҲОИ ПОРТӢ ДАР ЗАБОНИ ФОРСИИ МИЁНА», Номаи пажӯҳишгоҳ, №1, 2001, с. 10-19. «портӣ amrāw=xurmāg «хурмо» (<harmāw =armāw [Hubschmann 1895, 111; Периханян1973, 440]."»
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