خيزران
Arabic
Etymology
Originally attested in Pre-Islamic poetry, like that of an-Nābighah (c.535–c.604), as being abundant in the land of the Byzantines. Although of uncertain identification, it was a kind of plant with pliable twigs or roots that were deemed desirable for spear-making, later being applied to bamboo. Compare Hebrew חָזַר (chazár, “to return, to bounce back”), Akkadian 𒄑𒋗𒌨 (ḫinzūru, “apple tree, apricot tree”), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎏𐎗 (ḥḏr, “apple tree”), Akkadian 𒆹 (ḫazru, “flooded area, swamp, reed marsh”); perhaps ultimately derived from Sumerian 𒄑 (gidru, “scepter, cane”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xaj.zu.raːn/
Noun
خَيْزُرَان • (ḵayzurān) m (collective, singulative خَيْزُرَانَة f (ḵayzurāna), plural خَيَازِر (ḵayāzir), paucal خَيْزُرَانَات (ḵayzurānāt))
- bamboo, rattan
- reed, cane
- spear, shaft
- any limber or pliable stick
- scepter, a pointer
- oar, a pole used to propel a boat
- rudder, till, tiller, helm of a ship
- (music) reed, pipes
- (figurative) a beautiful woman; comparably slender and supple
Declension
| collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | خَيْزُرَان ḵayzurān |
الْخَيْزُرَان al-ḵayzurān |
خَيْزُرَان ḵayzurān |
| nominative | خَيْزُرَانٌ ḵayzurānun |
الْخَيْزُرَانُ al-ḵayzurānu |
خَيْزُرَانُ ḵayzurānu |
| accusative | خَيْزُرَانًا ḵayzurānan |
الْخَيْزُرَانَ al-ḵayzurāna |
خَيْزُرَانَ ḵayzurāna |
| genitive | خَيْزُرَانٍ ḵayzurānin |
الْخَيْزُرَانِ al-ḵayzurāni |
خَيْزُرَانِ ḵayzurāni |
| singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | خَيْزُرَانَة ḵayzurāna |
الْخَيْزُرَانَة al-ḵayzurāna |
خَيْزُرَانَة ḵayzurānat |
| nominative | خَيْزُرَانَةٌ ḵayzurānatun |
الْخَيْزُرَانَةُ al-ḵayzurānatu |
خَيْزُرَانَةُ ḵayzurānatu |
| accusative | خَيْزُرَانَةً ḵayzurānatan |
الْخَيْزُرَانَةَ al-ḵayzurānata |
خَيْزُرَانَةَ ḵayzurānata |
| genitive | خَيْزُرَانَةٍ ḵayzurānatin |
الْخَيْزُرَانَةِ al-ḵayzurānati |
خَيْزُرَانَةِ ḵayzurānati |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | خَيْزُرَانَتَيْن ḵayzurānatayn |
الْخَيْزُرَانَتَيْن al-ḵayzurānatayn |
خَيْزُرَانَتَيْ ḵayzurānatay |
| nominative | خَيْزُرَانَتَانِ ḵayzurānatāni |
الْخَيْزُرَانَتَانِ al-ḵayzurānatāni |
خَيْزُرَانَتَا ḵayzurānatā |
| accusative | خَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ ḵayzurānatayni |
الْخَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ al-ḵayzurānatayni |
خَيْزُرَانَتَيْ ḵayzurānatay |
| genitive | خَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ ḵayzurānatayni |
الْخَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ al-ḵayzurānatayni |
خَيْزُرَانَتَيْ ḵayzurānatay |
| paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | خَيْزُرَانَات ḵayzurānāt |
الْخَيْزُرَانَات al-ḵayzurānāt |
خَيْزُرَانَات ḵayzurānāt |
| nominative | خَيْزُرَانَاتٌ ḵayzurānātun |
الْخَيْزُرَانَاتُ al-ḵayzurānātu |
خَيْزُرَانَاتُ ḵayzurānātu |
| accusative | خَيْزُرَانَاتٍ ḵayzurānātin |
الْخَيْزُرَانَاتِ al-ḵayzurānāti |
خَيْزُرَانَاتِ ḵayzurānāti |
| genitive | خَيْزُرَانَاتٍ ḵayzurānātin |
الْخَيْزُرَانَاتِ al-ḵayzurānāti |
خَيْزُرَانَاتِ ḵayzurānāti |
| plural of variety | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | خَيَازِر ḵayāzir |
الْخَيَازِر al-ḵayāzir |
خَيَازِر ḵayāzir |
| nominative | خَيَازِرُ ḵayāziru |
الْخَيَازِرُ al-ḵayāziru |
خَيَازِرُ ḵayāziru |
| accusative | خَيَازِرَ ḵayāzira |
الْخَيَازِرَ al-ḵayāzira |
خَيَازِرَ ḵayāzira |
| genitive | خَيَازِرَ ḵayāzira |
الْخَيَازِرِ al-ḵayāziri |
خَيَازِرِ ḵayāziri |
Descendants
- → Armenian: խազիրան (xaziran)
- → Catalan: galzeran
- → Ottoman Turkish: هزارن (hezaren), هزاران (hezaran)
- Turkish: hezaren
References
- Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden[1] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 690–692
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “خيزران”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[2] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 332
- Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “خيزران”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 732.
- Olmo Lete, Gregorio del with Sanmartín, Joaquín and Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015) “ḥḏrṯ”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 357
- Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “ḫinzūru”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, via the electronic Babylonian Library, page 117
- Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “ḫazru”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, via the electronic Babylonian Library, page 113
- “ĝidru”, in The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary[3], University of Pennsylvania, 2006