دشوار

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دشوار (došvâr, “difficult, hard”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšw'l /⁠dušwār⁠/).

Adjective

دشوار • (düşvâr)

  1. difficult, hard, cumbersome, demanding to handle or get around with
    Synonyms: چتین (çetin), سخت (saht), گوچ (güç), مشكل (müşkil)

Derived terms

  • دشوار پسند (düşvâr pesend, “hard to please”)
  • دشوارلق (düşvârlık, “difficulty, hardness”)
  • دشواری (düşvârî, “difficulty, hardness”)

Descendants

  • Turkish: düşvar

Further reading

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšw'l /⁠dušwār⁠/), from Old Persian [Term?]. By surface analysis, دش (duš-, “bad”) +‎ خوار (xvâr, “easy; mean, abject”), denoting the opposite of easy;[1] see Proto-Iranian *duš- (“bad”) for more on the prefix. Compare Old Armenian դժուար (džuar), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? dušwār
Dari reading? dušwār
Iranian reading? došvâr
Tajik reading? dušvor

Adjective

دشوار • (došvâr) (comparative دشوارتَر, superlative دشوارتَرین)

  1. difficult, hard
    Synonym: سخت (saxt)

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 323
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