رمضان
Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ر م ض (r m ḍ) |
| 2 terms |
Etymology
The month was a summer month in pre-Islamic times before the Quranic prohibition against leap months (Quran 9:37). Hence without doubt from the root ر م ض (r m ḍ), and related to رَمَض (ramaḍ, “parchedness, scorchedness”) and رَمْضَاء (ramḍāʔ, “sun-baked ground”). Compare also اِرْتَمَضَ (irtamaḍa, “to be consumed by grief and sorrow”).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m
- Ramadan
- a male given name
Declension
| singular | basic singular diptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | — | رَمَضَان ramaḍān |
— |
| nominative | — | رَمَضَانُ ramaḍānu |
— |
| accusative | — | رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna |
— |
| genitive | — | رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna |
— |
Noun
رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m (plural رَمَضَانَات (ramaḍānāt) or أَرْمِضَة (ʔarmiḍa) or أَرْمِضَاء (ʔarmiḍāʔ) or رَمَاضِين (ramāḍīn))
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | رَمَضَان ramaḍān |
الرَّمَضَان ar-ramaḍān |
رَمَضَان ramaḍān |
| nominative | رَمَضَانٌ ramaḍānun |
الرَّمَضَانُ ar-ramaḍānu |
رَمَضَانُ ramaḍānu |
| accusative | رَمَضَانًا ramaḍānan |
الرَّمَضَانَ ar-ramaḍāna |
رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna |
| genitive | رَمَضَانٍ ramaḍānin |
الرَّمَضَانِ ar-ramaḍāni |
رَمَضَانِ ramaḍāni |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | رَمَضَانَيْن ramaḍānayn |
الرَّمَضَانَيْن ar-ramaḍānayn |
رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay |
| nominative | رَمَضَانَانِ ramaḍānāni |
الرَّمَضَانَانِ ar-ramaḍānāni |
رَمَضَانَا ramaḍānā |
| accusative | رَمَضَانَيْنِ ramaḍānayni |
الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ ar-ramaḍānayni |
رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay |
| genitive | رَمَضَانَيْنِ ramaḍānayni |
الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ ar-ramaḍānayni |
رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay |
| plural | sound feminine plural; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural diptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | رَمَضَانَات; أَرْمِضَة; أَرْمِضَاء; رَمَاضِين ramaḍānāt; ʔarmiḍa; ʔarmiḍāʔ; ramāḍīn |
الرَّمَضَانَات; الْأَرْمِضَة; الْأَرْمِضَاء; الرَّمَاضِين ar-ramaḍānāt; al-ʔarmiḍa; al-ʔarmiḍāʔ; ar-ramāḍīn |
رَمَضَانَات; أَرْمِضَة; أَرْمِضَاء; رَمَاضِين ramaḍānāt; ʔarmiḍat; ʔarmiḍāʔ; ramāḍīn |
| nominative | رَمَضَانَاتٌ; أَرْمِضَةٌ; أَرْمِضَاءُ; رَمَاضِينُ ramaḍānātun; ʔarmiḍatun; ʔarmiḍāʔu; ramāḍīnu |
الرَّمَضَانَاتُ; الْأَرْمِضَةُ; الْأَرْمِضَاءُ; الرَّمَاضِينُ ar-ramaḍānātu; al-ʔarmiḍatu; al-ʔarmiḍāʔu; ar-ramāḍīnu |
رَمَضَانَاتُ; أَرْمِضَةُ; أَرْمِضَاءُ; رَمَاضِينُ ramaḍānātu; ʔarmiḍatu; ʔarmiḍāʔu; ramāḍīnu |
| accusative | رَمَضَانَاتٍ; أَرْمِضَةً; أَرْمِضَاءَ; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānātin; ʔarmiḍatan; ʔarmiḍāʔa; ramāḍīna |
الرَّمَضَانَاتِ; الْأَرْمِضَةَ; الْأَرْمِضَاءَ; الرَّمَاضِينَ ar-ramaḍānāti; al-ʔarmiḍata; al-ʔarmiḍāʔa; ar-ramāḍīna |
رَمَضَانَاتِ; أَرْمِضَةَ; أَرْمِضَاءَ; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānāti; ʔarmiḍata; ʔarmiḍāʔa; ramāḍīna |
| genitive | رَمَضَانَاتٍ; أَرْمِضَةٍ; أَرْمِضَاءَ; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānātin; ʔarmiḍatin; ʔarmiḍāʔa; ramāḍīna |
الرَّمَضَانَاتِ; الْأَرْمِضَةِ; الْأَرْمِضَاءِ; الرَّمَاضِينِ ar-ramaḍānāti; al-ʔarmiḍati; al-ʔarmiḍāʔi; ar-ramāḍīni |
رَمَضَانَاتِ; أَرْمِضَةِ; أَرْمِضَاءِ; رَمَاضِينِ ramaḍānāti; ʔarmiḍati; ʔarmiḍāʔi; ramāḍīni |
Coordinate terms
| Muharram | Safar | Rabi I | Rabi II |
| اَلْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram) مُحَرَّم (muḥarram) |
صَفَر (ṣafar) | رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (rabīʕ al-ʔawwal) | رَبِيع الْآخِر (rabīʕ al-ʔāḵir) رَبِيع الثَّانِي (rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī) |
| Jumada I | Jumada II | Rajab | Sha'ban |
| جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (jumādā l-ʔūlā) | جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة (jumādā l-ʔāḵira) جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (jumādā ṯ-ṯānī) |
رَجَب (rajab) | شَعْبَان (šaʕbān) |
| Ramadan | Shawwal | Dhu'l-Qa'da | Dhu'l-Hijja |
| رَمَضَان (ramaḍān) | شَوَّال (šawwāl) | ذُو الْقَعْدَة (ḏū l-qaʕda) | ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja) |
- أَيْلُول (ʔaylūl)
- سِبْتِمْبِر (sibtimbir), سِبْتَمْبِر (sibtambir), سَبْتَمْبَر (sabtambar)
- تَقْوِيم هِجْرِيّ (taqwīm hijriyy)
Derived terms
- رَمَضَانِيّ (ramaḍāniyy)
Descendants
- Maltese: Randan (“Lent”)
- → Catalan: ramadà
- → Classical Persian: رَمَضَان (ramazān), رمضون (ramezun, ramzun) (colloquial) (see there for further descendants)
- → English: Ramadan
- → French: ramadan
- → Japanese: ラマダーン (Ramadān)
- → Maguindanao: Ramedlan, Ramadlan
- → Malay: Ramadan, Ramadhan (superseded)
- Indonesian: Ramadan
- → Malayalam: റമദാൻ (ṟamadāṉ), റമളാൻ (ṟamaḷāṉ), റമലാൻ (ṟamalāṉ)
- → Maltese: Ramadan (“Ramadan”)
- → Maranao: Ramadan
- → Ottoman Turkish: رَمَضَان (ramazân) (see there for further descendants)
- → Tamil: ரமலான் (ramalāṉ, “Ramadan”), ரமதான் (ramatāṉ)
- → Uyghur: رامىزان (ramizan)
- → Uzbek: ramazan
Malay
Proper noun
رمضان
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
From Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Noun
رمضان • (ramazân)
Descendants
- Turkish: Ramazan
- → Bulgarian: рамаза́н (ramazán)
- → Macedonian: рамазан (ramazan)
- → Serbo-Croatian: ramàzān
Persian
Alternative forms
- رمضون (ramezun, ramzun) (colloquial)
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ɾa.ma.ˈzaːn/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [rä.mä.zɑ́ːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɹæ.mæ.zɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɾä.mä.zɔ́n]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | ramazān |
| Dari reading? | ramazān |
| Iranian reading? | ramazân |
| Tajik reading? | ramazon |
Noun
| Dari | رمضان |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | рамазон |
رمضان • (ramazân, ramzân)
Coordinate terms
Islamic calendar months: تقویم هجری قمریedit
Proper noun
| Dari | رمضان |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | Рамазон |
رمضان • (ramzân)
- a male given name, Ramazan
Descendants
- → Assamese: ৰমজান (romzan)
- → Bengali: রমজান (romjan)
- → Gujarati: રમજાન (ramjān)
- → Hindustani:
- → Marathi: रमजान (ramjān)
- → Odia: ରମଜାନ (ramajāna)
- → Punjabi:
- → Sylheti: ꠞꠝꠎꠣꠘ (romzan)
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazān), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān). First attested as Old Punjabi ਰਮਦਾਨਾ (ramadānā).
Noun
رَمضان • (ramẓān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਰਮਜ਼ਾਨ)
Sindhi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazān), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɾəm.zɑːnʊ/
- Rhymes: -ʊ
Noun
رَمْضانُ • (ramzānu) m (Devanagari रमज़ानु)
References
- Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “رَمْضانُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian رَمَضَان (ramazān), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɾə.mə.zɑːn/
- (common) IPA(key): /ɾəm.zɑːn/
Audio (Pakistan): (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːn
Proper noun
رَمَضان • (ramazān) m (Hindi spelling रमज़ान)
- (Islam) Ramadan
- a male given name, Ramzan or Ramazan, from Arabic
Descendants
- → Kannada: ರಮ್ಜಾನ್ (ramjān), ರಂಜಾನ್ (rañjān)
- → Malayalam: റംസാൻ (ṟaṁsāṉ)
- → Tamil: ரம்சான் (ramcāṉ), ரம்ஜான் (ramjāṉ)
- → Telugu: రమ్జాన్ (ramjān), రంజాన్ (rañjān)
See also
| Muharram | Safar | Rabi I | Rabi II |
| مُحَرَّم (muharram) | صَفَر (safar) | رَبِیعُ الْاَوَّل (rabī'-ul-avval) | رَبِیعُ الثّانی (rabī'ussānī) |
| Jumada I | Jumada II | Rajab | Sha'ban |
| جَمادی الْاَوَّل (jamādī-ul-avval) | جمادی الثّانی (jamādīussānī) | رَجَب (rajab) | شَعْبان (śa'bān) |
| Ramadan | Shawwal | Dhu'l-Qa'da | Dhu'l-Hijja |
| رَمَضان (ramazān) | شَوال (śavāl) | ذُو الْقَعْدَہ (zūl-qa'da) | ذُو الْحِجَّہ (zūl-hijja) |
Further reading
- “رمضان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “رمضان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “رمضان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “رمضان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.