روشن
Libyan Arabic
Etymology
From Persian روزن (rowzan), روزنه (rowzane).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /roːʃən/
Noun
روشن (rōšan) m (plural رواشن (rwāšin))
Persian
Etymology
Inherited from Middle Persian lwšn' (rōšn, “light; bright, light”), from Old Persian *rauxšnā, from Proto-Iranian *ráwxšnaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwkšnaH, from Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂ (“moon”). Doublet of رخشان (raxšân, “bright”) and لوخن (loxan, “moon, moonlight”).
Cognates include Latin lūna, Armenian լուսին (lusin), Old Church Slavonic лоуна (luna).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ɾaw.ˈʃan/, /ɾoː.ˈʃan/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [räw.ʃǽn], [roː.ʃǽn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɹow.ʃǽn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɾäw.ʃǽn], [ɾɵ.ʃǽn]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | rawšan, rōšan |
| Dari reading? | rawšan, rōšan |
| Iranian reading? | rowšan |
| Tajik reading? | ravšan, rüšan |
Adjective
| Dari | روشن |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | равшан, рӯшан |
روشن • (rowšan) (comparative روشنتَر, superlative روشنتَرین)
- bright, clear
- light
- luminous
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1106:
- چون نمیآیند اینجا که منم
کاندر این عز آفتاب روشنم- čūn namē-āyand īnjā ki manam
k-andar īn izz āftāb rawšanam - How do not they come to this place where I am?
—for in this (spiritual) glory I am the shining Sun.
- čūn namē-āyand īnjā ki manam
- transparent
- lighted, lit
- on
- clear, conspicuous
- sure, certain
Antonyms
- خاموش (xâmuš)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Bengali: রওশন (roōśon)
- → Gujarati: રોશન (rośan)
- → Hindustani:
- → Middle Armenian: ռօշան (ṙōšan)
- → Punjabi:
References
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “rōšn”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 72.
- Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 420
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “روشن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian روشن (rawšan).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɾɔː.ʃən/, /ɾoː.ʃən/
Adjective
رَوشَن or روشَن • (rauśan or rośan) (Hindi spelling रौशन or रोशन)
- bright, shining, luminous
- illuminated; lit, alight
- manifest, evident, clear
- splendid; good
- enlightened
Derived terms
- رَوشَن گَر (rauśan gar, “illuminator”)
- رَوشَن دِل (rauśan dil, “enlightened heart”)
Related terms
- رَوشَنی (rauśanī)
References
- “روشن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “روشن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “روشن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- “روشن”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.