زفت

Arabic

Etymology 1

Of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic זִפתָּא (zip̄tā) / זִיפתָּא (zip̄tā), Classical Syriac ܙܦܬܐ (zep̄tā), ܙܒܬܐ (zeḇtā), Hebrew זֶפֶת (zéfeṯ), possibly Arabic-borrowed Ge'ez ዝፍት (zəft) and Semitic-borrowed Old Armenian ձիւթ (jiwtʻ) and Old Georgian ძივთი (ʒivti). Neo-Babylonian 𒍣𒅁𒌈 (zi-ib-tum /⁠ziptu, zibtu⁠/), once glossed “pitch” and rare enough to be West Semitic borrowing, is more correctly^[1] glossed “a stone”.

Noun

زِفْت • (zift) m

pitch, tar, latex, asphalt

Declension

Declension of noun **زِفْت** (zift)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	زِفْت zift	الزِّفْت az-zift	زِفْت zift
nominative	زِفْتٌ ziftun	الزِّفْتُ az-ziftu	زِفْتُ ziftu
accusative	زِفْتًا ziftan	الزِّفْتَ az-zifta	زِفْتَ zifta
genitive	زِفْتٍ ziftin	الزِّفْتِ az-zifti	زِفْتِ zifti

Descendants

→ Northern Kurdish: zift
→ Ottoman Turkish: زفت (zift), زیفت (zift)
- Turkish: zift
- → Armenian: զիֆթ (ziftʻ), զիֆտ (zift)
- → Bulgarian: зифт (zift)
- → Georgian: ზივთი (zivti), ზიფთი (zipti)
- → Greek: ζίφτι (zífti)
- → Laz: ზიჶთი (zifti), ზიჶტი (zifťi)
- → Macedonian: зифт (zift)
- → Serbo-Croatian: зи̏фт / zȉft
→ Persian: زفت (zeft)

Etymology 2

Denominal verb of زِفْت (zift).

Verb

زَفَّتَ • (zaffata) II (non-past يُزَفِّتُ (yuzaffitu), verbal noun تَزْفِيت (tazfīt))

to smear pitch onto

Conjugation

Conjugation of **زَفَّتَ** (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun *تَزْفِيت*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَزْفِيت tazfīt
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُزَفِّت muzaffit
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُزَفَّت muzaffat
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	زَفَّتُّ zaffattu	زَفَّتَّ zaffatta	زَفَّتَ zaffata	زَفَّتُّمَا zaffattumā	زَفَّتَا zaffatā	زَفَّتْنَا zaffatnā	زَفَّتُّمْ zaffattum	زَفَّتُوا zaffatū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	زَفَّتُّ zaffattu	زَفَّتِّ zaffatti	زَفَّتَتْ zaffatat	زَفَّتُّمَا zaffattumā	زَفَّتَتَا zaffatatā	زَفَّتْنَا zaffatnā	زَفَّتُّنَّ zaffattunna	زَفَّتْنَ zaffatna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُزَفِّتُ ʔuzaffitu	تُزَفِّتُ tuzaffitu	يُزَفِّتُ yuzaffitu	تُزَفِّتَانِ tuzaffitāni	يُزَفِّتَانِ yuzaffitāni	نُزَفِّتُ nuzaffitu	تُزَفِّتُونَ tuzaffitūna	يُزَفِّتُونَ yuzaffitūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُزَفِّتُ ʔuzaffitu	تُزَفِّتِينَ tuzaffitīna	تُزَفِّتُ tuzaffitu	تُزَفِّتَانِ tuzaffitāni	تُزَفِّتَانِ tuzaffitāni	نُزَفِّتُ nuzaffitu	تُزَفِّتْنَ tuzaffitna	يُزَفِّتْنَ yuzaffitna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُزَفِّتَ ʔuzaffita	تُزَفِّتَ tuzaffita	يُزَفِّتَ yuzaffita	تُزَفِّتَا tuzaffitā	يُزَفِّتَا yuzaffitā	نُزَفِّتَ nuzaffita	تُزَفِّتُوا tuzaffitū	يُزَفِّتُوا yuzaffitū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُزَفِّتَ ʔuzaffita	تُزَفِّتِي tuzaffitī	تُزَفِّتَ tuzaffita	تُزَفِّتَا tuzaffitā	تُزَفِّتَا tuzaffitā	نُزَفِّتَ nuzaffita	تُزَفِّتْنَ tuzaffitna	يُزَفِّتْنَ yuzaffitna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُزَفِّتْ ʔuzaffit	تُزَفِّتْ tuzaffit	يُزَفِّتْ yuzaffit	تُزَفِّتَا tuzaffitā	يُزَفِّتَا yuzaffitā	نُزَفِّتْ nuzaffit	تُزَفِّتُوا tuzaffitū	يُزَفِّتُوا yuzaffitū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُزَفِّتْ ʔuzaffit	تُزَفِّتِي tuzaffitī	تُزَفِّتْ tuzaffit	تُزَفِّتَا tuzaffitā	تُزَفِّتَا tuzaffitā	نُزَفِّتْ nuzaffit	تُزَفِّتْنَ tuzaffitna	يُزَفِّتْنَ yuzaffitna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		زَفِّتْ zaffit		زَفِّتَا zaffitā			زَفِّتُوا zaffitū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		زَفِّتِي zaffitī		زَفِّتَا zaffitā			زَفِّتْنَ zaffitna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	زُفِّتُّ zuffittu	زُفِّتَّ zuffitta	زُفِّتَ zuffita	زُفِّتُّمَا zuffittumā	زُفِّتَا zuffitā	زُفِّتْنَا zuffitnā	زُفِّتُّمْ zuffittum	زُفِّتُوا zuffitū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	زُفِّتُّ zuffittu	زُفِّتِّ zuffitti	زُفِّتَتْ zuffitat	زُفِّتُّمَا zuffittumā	زُفِّتَتَا zuffitatā	زُفِّتْنَا zuffitnā	زُفِّتُّنَّ zuffittunna	زُفِّتْنَ zuffitna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُزَفَّتُ ʔuzaffatu	تُزَفَّتُ tuzaffatu	يُزَفَّتُ yuzaffatu	تُزَفَّتَانِ tuzaffatāni	يُزَفَّتَانِ yuzaffatāni	نُزَفَّتُ nuzaffatu	تُزَفَّتُونَ tuzaffatūna	يُزَفَّتُونَ yuzaffatūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُزَفَّتُ ʔuzaffatu	تُزَفَّتِينَ tuzaffatīna	تُزَفَّتُ tuzaffatu	تُزَفَّتَانِ tuzaffatāni	تُزَفَّتَانِ tuzaffatāni	نُزَفَّتُ nuzaffatu	تُزَفَّتْنَ tuzaffatna	يُزَفَّتْنَ yuzaffatna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُزَفَّتَ ʔuzaffata	تُزَفَّتَ tuzaffata	يُزَفَّتَ yuzaffata	تُزَفَّتَا tuzaffatā	يُزَفَّتَا yuzaffatā	نُزَفَّتَ nuzaffata	تُزَفَّتُوا tuzaffatū	يُزَفَّتُوا yuzaffatū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُزَفَّتَ ʔuzaffata	تُزَفَّتِي tuzaffatī	تُزَفَّتَ tuzaffata	تُزَفَّتَا tuzaffatā	تُزَفَّتَا tuzaffatā	نُزَفَّتَ nuzaffata	تُزَفَّتْنَ tuzaffatna	يُزَفَّتْنَ yuzaffatna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُزَفَّتْ ʔuzaffat	تُزَفَّتْ tuzaffat	يُزَفَّتْ yuzaffat	تُزَفَّتَا tuzaffatā	يُزَفَّتَا yuzaffatā	نُزَفَّتْ nuzaffat	تُزَفَّتُوا tuzaffatū	يُزَفَّتُوا yuzaffatū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُزَفَّتْ ʔuzaffat	تُزَفَّتِي tuzaffatī	تُزَفَّتْ tuzaffat	تُزَفَّتَا tuzaffatā	تُزَفَّتَا tuzaffatā	نُزَفَّتْ nuzaffat	تُزَفَّتْنَ tuzaffatna	يُزَفَّتْنَ yuzaffatna

References

Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 151
Freytag, Georg (1833) “زفت”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 242
Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “زفت”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1236.

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ز ف ت
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic زِفْت (zift).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zaft/

Noun

زفت • (zaft) m

tar, pitch
(figuratively) rubbish, trash, shit
شهاد الزفت اللي جبتي معاك للدار ؟
š-hād ez-zaft elli jabti mʕāk l-ed-dār ?
What is this rubbish you brought home with you?

Etymology 2

From Arabic زَفَّتَ (zaffata).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zaf.fat/

Verb

زفت • (zaffat) II (non-past يزفت (yzaffat), verbal noun تزفات (tazfāt))

to pave
Synonym: عبّد (ʕabbad)

البلدية ما بغاتش تعاود تزفت طريقنا حيت ما كانتش فالميزانية المقررة. أما فالحقيقة غير سالات الانتخابات ما بقاوش مسوقين لينا.
el-baladiyya ma bḡātši tʕāwad tzaffat trīqna ḥīt ma kānitši f-el-mīzāniyya. ʔamma f-el-ḥaqīqa ḡīr sālāt l-intiḵābāt ma bqāwši msawwqin līna.
The municipality didn't want to repave our road because it wasn't included in the budget. But in truth once the elections were done, they no longer care about us.

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

زیفت (zift)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic زِفْت (zift, “pitch, tar”).

Noun

زفت • (zift) (definite accusative زفتی (zifti), plural زفتلر (ziftler))

pitch, tar, a black, oily, viscous substance derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal
Synonyms: قره ساقز (kara sakız), قطران (katran), قیر (kir)

Derived terms

زفت قاینار (zift kaynar, “boiling pitch”)
زفت یاغی (zift yağı, “pisselaeon”)
زفتلتمك (ziftletmek, “to make or let be pitched”)
زفتلمك (ziftlemek, “to daub over with pitch”)
زفتلنمك (ziftlenmek, “to be daubed over with pitch”)
زفتلو (ziftli, “containing pitch”)
زفتی (ziftî, “bituminous”)

Descendants

Turkish: zift
→ Armenian: զիֆթ (ziftʻ), զիֆտ (zift)
→ Bulgarian: зифт (zift)
→ Georgian: ზივთი (zivti), ზიფთი (zipti)
→ Greek: ζίφτι (zífti)
→ Laz: ზიჶთი (zifti), ზიჶტი (zifťi)
→ Macedonian: зифт (zift)
→ Serbo-Croatian: зи̏фт / zȉft

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ز ف ت
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic زَفَّتَ (zaffata).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zaf.fat/, [ˈzaf.fat]
Audio (al-Lidd): (file)

Verb

زفّت • (zaffat) II (present بزفّت (bizaffet))

to pave
Synonym: عبّد (ʕabbad)

Conjugation

Conjugation of **زفت**
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	زفّتت (zaffatt)	زفّتت (zaffatt)	زفّت (zaffat)	زفّتنا (zaffatna)	زفّتتو (zaffattu)	زفّتو (zaffatu)
past	f	زفّتت (zaffatt)	زفّتتي (zaffatti)	زفّتت (zaffatat)	زفّتنا (zaffatna)	زفّتتو (zaffattu)	زفّتو (zaffatu)
present	m	بزفّت (bazaffit)	بتزفّت (bitzaffit)	بزفّت (bizaffit)	منزفّت (minzaffit)	بتزفّتو (bitzafftu)	بزفّتو (bizafftu)
present	f	بزفّت (bazaffit)	بتزفّتي (bitzaffti)	بتزفّت (bitzaffit)	منزفّت (minzaffit)	بتزفّتو (bitzafftu)	بزفّتو (bizafftu)
subjunctive	m	ازفّت (azaffit)	تزفّت (tzaffit)	يزفّت (yzaffit)	نزفّت (nzaffit)	تزفّتو (tzafftu)	يزفّتو (yzafftu)
subjunctive	f	ازفّت (azaffit)	تزفّتي (tzaffti)	تزفّت (tzaffit)	نزفّت (nzaffit)	تزفّتو (tzafftu)	يزفّتو (yzafftu)
imperative	m		زفّت (zaffit)			زفّتو (zafftu)
imperative	f		زفّتي (zaffti)			زفّتو (zafftu)

Noun

زفت • (zift) m

tar, asphalt
(figurative) something terrible, awful, very bad

[1] Kogan, Leonid (2019) “Additions and Corrections to Wolf Leslau's Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (1987–2017)”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society, volume 139, number 4, →DOI, page 903 to 632

[1]

زفت

Arabic

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Further reading

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

References

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Noun