سورة

See also: سوره and شوره

Arabic

Etymology 1

Assigned to the root س و ر (s w r). It is not clear from which word it was borrowed, it might be from Classical Syriac ܫܘܽܪܳܐ (šūrā, “wall; also figuratively for any divider”), compare سُور (sūr, “wall”) from the same word, or from Classical Syriac ܣܽܘܪܓܳܕܳܐ (sūrgāḏā, “line; writing”), or from Hebrew סִדְרָה (siḏrā, “technical term for the section marks in the Hebrew scriptures”), or from Hebrew שִׁיר (šīr, “lyric song; poem”), or from a variant vocalization of Classical Syriac ܣܻܝܪܳܐ (sīrā, “thread; chapter, topical division of a book”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /suː.ra/

Noun

سُورَة • (sūra) f (plural سُوَر (suwar))

  1. (Islam) sura, surah
    Hyponyms: سُورَة مَدَنِيَّة (sūra(t) madaniyya), سُورَة مَكِّيَّة (sūra(t) makkiyya)
    Holonym: اَلْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān)
    Meronym: آيَة (ʔāya)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:23:
      وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَٱدْعُوا شُهَدَاءَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ
      wa-ʔin kuntum fī raybin mimmā nazzalnā ʕalā ʕabdinā fa-ʔtū bisūratin min miṯlihi wa-dʕū šuhadāʔakum min dūni llāhi ʔin kuntum ṣādiqīna
      And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down upon Our Servant [Muhammad], then produce a surah the like thereof and call upon your witnesses other than Allah, if you should be truthful.
Declension
Declension of noun سُورَة (sūra)
singular singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
indefinite definite construct
informal سُورَة
sūra 		السُّورَة
as-sūra 		سُورَة
sūrat
nominative سُورَةٌ
sūratun 		السُّورَةُ
as-sūratu 		سُورَةُ
sūratu
accusative سُورَةً
sūratan 		السُّورَةَ
as-sūrata 		سُورَةَ
sūrata
genitive سُورَةٍ
sūratin 		السُّورَةِ
as-sūrati 		سُورَةِ
sūrati
dual indefinite definite construct
informal سُورَتَيْن
sūratayn 		السُّورَتَيْن
as-sūratayn 		سُورَتَيْ
sūratay
nominative سُورَتَانِ
sūratāni 		السُّورَتَانِ
as-sūratāni 		سُورَتَا
sūratā
accusative سُورَتَيْنِ
sūratayni 		السُّورَتَيْنِ
as-sūratayni 		سُورَتَيْ
sūratay
genitive سُورَتَيْنِ
sūratayni 		السُّورَتَيْنِ
as-sūratayni 		سُورَتَيْ
sūratay
plural basic broken plural triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal سُوَر
suwar 		السُّوَر
as-suwar 		سُوَر
suwar
nominative سُوَرٌ
suwarun 		السُّوَرُ
as-suwaru 		سُوَرُ
suwaru
accusative سُوَرًا
suwaran 		السُّوَرَ
as-suwara 		سُوَرَ
suwara
genitive سُوَرٍ
suwarin 		السُّوَرِ
as-suwari 		سُوَرِ
suwari
Descendants
  • → Azerbaijani: surə
  • → Chinese: 蘇拉 / 苏拉 (sūlā)
  • → German: Sure
  • → English: sura, surah
  • → Latin: azoara
  • → Classical Persian: سُورَه (sūra)
  • → Russian: су́ра (súra)
  • → Swahili: sura
  • → Ottoman Turkish: سوره
  • → Uzbek: sura

Etymology 2

Root
س و ر (s w r)
2 terms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /saw.ra/

Noun

سَوْرَة • (sawra) f

  1. severity, vehemence, sharpness
Declension
Declension of noun سَوْرَة (sawra)
singular singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
indefinite definite construct
informal سَوْرَة
sawra 		السَّوْرَة
as-sawra 		سَوْرَة
sawrat
nominative سَوْرَةٌ
sawratun 		السَّوْرَةُ
as-sawratu 		سَوْرَةُ
sawratu
accusative سَوْرَةً
sawratan 		السَّوْرَةَ
as-sawrata 		سَوْرَةَ
sawrata
genitive سَوْرَةٍ
sawratin 		السَّوْرَةِ
as-sawrati 		سَوْرَةِ
sawrati

References

  • Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎[1] (in German), volume 84, page 19
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 238
  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “سورة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 374
  • Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 180–182
  • Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “سورة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1465.
  • Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎[3] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 26
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “سورة”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 514
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