شاہ
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian شَاه (šāh).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) Phonetic: śā́ IPA(key): /ʃäːɦ/, [ʃäː˦]
- Rhymes: -äː˦
Noun
شاہ • (śāh) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਾਹ)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | شاہ (śāh) | شاہ (śāh) |
| oblique | شاہ (śāh) | شاہاں (śāhāṉ) |
| vocative | شاہا (śāhā) | شاہو (śāho) |
| ablative | شاہوں (śāhoṉ) | شاہاں (śāhāṉ) |
| locative | شاہے (śāhe) | شاہِیں (śāhīṉ) |
| instrumental | شاہوں (śāhoṉ) | – |
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “شاہ”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
- Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “شاہ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
- “ਸ਼ਾਹ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian شاه (šāh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /šāh/) from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “king”). Compare Punjabi ਸ਼ਾਹ (śāh) / شاہ (śāh), Gujarati શાહ (śāh), Marathi शहा (śahā), Bengali শাহ (śah).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʃɑːɦ/
Noun
شاہ • (śāh) m (Hindi spelling शाह)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | شاہ (śāh) | شاہ (śāh) |
| oblique | شاہ (śāh) | شاہوں (śāhõ) |
| vocative | شاہ (śāh) | شاہو (śāho) |
Derived terms
- ادبی شہ پارہ (adbī śāh pāra, “brainchild”)
- شاہ آلُو (śāh-ālū, “prune”)
- شاہ باشی (śāh-bāśī, “applause”)
- شاہ بالا (śāh-bālā, “bestman”)
- شاہ بانو (śāh-bāno, “wife of a king”)
- شاہ بَلُوط (śāh-balūt, “chestnut”)
- شاہ تِیر (śāh-tīr, “beam”)
- شاہ جَہان (śāh-jahān, “king of the world”)
- شاہ رَگ (śāh-rag, “jugular vein”)
- شاہ رُخ (śāh-rux, “kingly face; king roc”)
- شاہ نامہ (śāh-nāma, “chronicle of kings; Shahnameh”)
- شاہ نَشِین (śāh-naśīn, “balcony, gallery”)
- شاہْراہ (śāh-rāh, “highway”)
- شاہپارہ (śāh-pāra, “masterpiece”)
- شاہکار (śāh-kār, “masterpiece”)
- شاہی (śāhī, “royal, kingly; rule, reign”)
- شہ زور (śah-zor, “strong, powerful”)
- شہ سرخی (śah-surxī, “headline”)
- شہباز (śahbāz, “royal falcon; hero”)
- شہتوت (śahtūt, “mulberry”)
- شہزادہ (śahzāda, “prince”)
- شہزادی (śahzādī, “princess”)
- شہمات (śah-māt, “checkmate”)
- شہنشاہ (śahanśāh, “shahanshah, emperor”)
References
- “شاہ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “شاه”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- John Shakespear (1834) “شاه”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
- “شاہ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “شاه”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.