شلغم
Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃal.ɣam/
Noun
شَلْغَم • (šalḡam) m
- alternative form of شَلْجَم (šaljam)
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | شَلْغَم šalḡam |
الشَّلْغَم aš-šalḡam |
شَلْغَم šalḡam |
| nominative | شَلْغَمٌ šalḡamun |
الشَّلْغَمُ aš-šalḡamu |
شَلْغَمُ šalḡamu |
| accusative | شَلْغَمًا šalḡaman |
الشَّلْغَمَ aš-šalḡama |
شَلْغَمَ šalḡama |
| genitive | شَلْغَمٍ šalḡamin |
الشَّلْغَمِ aš-šalḡami |
شَلْغَمِ šalḡami |
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian شلغم (šalġam, “turnip”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (SLKʾ /šalgam/), possibly from Ancient Greek σικελικόν (sikelikón, literally “the Sicilian one”).
Noun
شلغم • (şalgam) (definite accusative شلغمی (şalgamı), plural شلغملر (şalgamlar))
- turnip, any plant with a white, edible root of the species Brassica rapa
- Synonym: چومور (çomur)
Derived terms
- شلغم باشلو (şalgam başlı, “with a round head”)
- شلغم خواجه (şalgam hoca, “insignificant but pretentious man”)
Descendants
- Turkish: şalgam
- → Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)
- → Georgian: შალღამი (šalɣami) — Javakheti, Meskheti, Chveneburi
- → Greek: σαλγάμι (salgámi)
- → Laz: შალღამი (şalğami)
Further reading
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “شلغم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 153
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “şalgam”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4423
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “شلغم”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 289b
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شلغم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 732
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Rapa”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 1434
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “شلغم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 2852
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “şalgam”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “شلغم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1134
Persian
Alternative forms
- شملغ (šamlaġ), شملخ (šamlax), شلم (šalam), ثلجم (saljam)
Etymology
From Middle Persian [script needed] (SLKʾ /šalgam/), possibly from Ancient Greek σικελικόν (sikelikón, literally “the Sicilian one”). Cognate with Old Armenian շաղգամ (šałgam), Classical Syriac ܫܠܓܡܐ (šalgəmā), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic שלגמא (šalgəmā), Georgian თალგამი (talgami), ܣܠܩܐ (silqā, selqā), Aramaic סילקא, Neo-Babylonian 𒌑𒋛𒅋𒋡 (/silqu/), Arabic سِلْق (silq), Arabic شَلْجَم (šaljam), Russian свёкла (svjókla), and Ancient Greek σεῦκλον (seûklon).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ʃal.ˈɣam/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʃäl.ɣäm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʃæl.ɢæm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʃäl.ʁäm]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | šalġam |
| Dari reading? | šalġam |
| Iranian reading? | šalġam |
| Tajik reading? | šalġam |
Noun
| Dari | شلغم |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | шалғам |
شلغم • (šalġam) (plural شلغم‌ها)
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| bare | شلغم (šalġam) | شلغم‌ها، شلغما△ (šalġam-hấ, šalġamấ△) |
| definitive direct object | شلغم را، شلغم رو△ (šalġam râ, šalġamo△) | شلغم‌ها را، شلغما رو△ (šalġam-hấ râ, šalġamấ ro△) |
| ezâfe | شلغم (šalġam-e) | شلغم‌های، شلغمای△ (šalġam-hấ-ye, šalġamấ-ye△) |
| marked indefinite or relative definite |
شلغمی (šalġam-i) | شلغم‌هایی، شلغمایی△ (šalġamấn-i, šalġam-hấ-i, šalġamấi△) |
△ Colloquial.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular (“my”) |
شلغمم (šalġamam) | شلغم‌هایم، شلغم‌هام، شلغمام△ (šalġam-hấyam, šalġamấm△) |
| 2nd person singular (“your”) |
شلغمت (šalġamat, šalġamet△) | شلغم‌هایت، شلغم‌هات، شلغمات△ (šalġam-hấyat, šalġamất△) |
| 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
شلغمش (šalġamaš, šalġameš△) | شلغم‌هایش، شلغم‌هاش، شلغماش△ (šalġam-hấyaš, šalġamấš△) |
| 1st person plural (“our”) |
شلغممان، شلغممون△ (šalġamemân, šalġamemun△) | شلغم‌هایمان، شلغم‌هامون، شلغمامون△ (šalġam-hấyemân, šalġamấmun△) |
| 2nd person plural (“your”) |
شلغمتان، شلغمتون△ (šalġametân, šalġametun△) | شلغم‌هایتان، شلغم‌هاتون، شلغماتون△ (šalġam-hấyetân, šalġamấtun△) |
| 3rd person plural (“their”) |
شلغمشان، شلغمشون△ (šalġamešân, šalġamešun△) | شلغم‌هایشان، شلغم‌هاشون، شلغماشون△ (šalġam-hấyešân, šalġamấšun△) |
△ Colloquial.
Descendants
- → Arabic: شَلْجَم (šaljam), سَلْجَم (saljam), شَلْغَم (šalḡam), ثَلْجَم (ṯaljam)
- → Azerbaijani: şalğam
- → Assamese: চালগোম (salogüm)
- → Bashkir: шалҡан (şalqan)
- → Bengali: শালগম (śalogom)
- → Gujarati: સલગમ (salgam), શલગમ (śalgam)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: шалғам (şalğam), шалқан (şalqan)
- → Middle Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)
- Armenian: շալղամ (šalġam)
- → Northern Kurdish: şêlim
- → Ottoman Turkish: شلغم (şelgam, şalgam)
- Turkish: şalgam, şalğam
- → Greek: σαλγάμι (salgámi)
- → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਲਗਮ (śalgam)
- → Turkmen: şalgam
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “շաղգամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 489b
- Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 311
- Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 264
- Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden[6] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 346–352
- Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1982) Očerki po istorii leksiki pamirskix jazykov. Nazvanija kulʹturnyx rastenij [Essays on the history of Pamir languages. Names of cultivated plants] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 75–77