شهید
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic شَهِيد (šahīd).
Noun
شهید • (şehid)
- martyr
- 1921, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, استقلال مارشى, with the plural شهدا:
- شهدا فیشقیراجق طوپراغی صیقسهڭ، شهدا!
- şüheda fışkıracak toprağı sıksan şüheda!
- Martyrs would pour forth, all martyrs, should one simply clutch the earth!
Descendants
- Turkish: şehit
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic شَهِيد (šahīd).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ʃa.ˈhiːd/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʃä.ɦíːd̪]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʃæ.ɦíːd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʃä.ɦíd̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | šahīd |
| Dari reading? | šahīd |
| Iranian reading? | šahid |
| Tajik reading? | šahid |
Noun
شهید • (šahid) (plural شهیدان, or شهدا (šohadâ), or شهیدها)
- martyr
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1766:
- گر خطا گوید و را خاطی مگو
گر بود پر خون شهید او را مشو- gar xatā gōyad u rā xātī ma-gō
gar buwad pur xūn šahīd ō rā ma-šō - If he (the lover) speak faultily, do not call him faulty;
and if the martyr be bathed in blood, do not wash him.
- gar xatā gōyad u rā xātī ma-gō
- (honorific) casualty, victim (of a war, a massacre, an accident)
Usage notes
- شهید (šahid) is used more widely in Persian and other Middle Eastern languages than martyr is in English (especially in official language), and includes those who did not willingly choose death or sacrifice, e.g. children.
Related terms
Descendants
Further reading
- شهید on the Persian Wikipedia.Wikipedia fa
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “شهید”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim