شهيد

See also: شهید and شہید

Arabic

Root
ش ه د (š h d)
11 terms

Etymology

From the form I verb شَهِدَ (šahida, “to witness, to bear witness”), from the root ش ه د (š h d). Semantic evolution from "witness" to "martyr" is probably calqued from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus).

Cognate with Hebrew שָׂהֵד (sahéd).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃa.hiːd/
Rhymes: -iːd

Noun

شَهِيد • (šahīd) m (plural شُهَدَاء (šuhadāʔ), feminine شَهِيدَة (šahīda))

(archaic) witness
Synonym: شَاهِد (šāhid)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:13:
  لَّوۡلَا جَاۤءُو عَلَیۡهِ بِأَرۡبَعَةِ شُهَدَاۤءَ ۚ فَإِذۡ لَمۡ یَأۡتُوا۟ بِٱلشُّهَدَاۤءِ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلۡكَـٰذِبُونَ
  lawlā jāʔū ʕalay-hi bi-ʔarbaʕati šuhadāʔa fa-ʔiḏ lam yaʔtū bi-š-šuhadāʔi fa-ʔūlāʔika ʕinda llāhi humu l-kāḏibūna
  Sahih International: And why did the accusers not bring four witnesses to it? If they cannot produce such witnesses, they are the liars in God’s eyes.
martyr

Declension

Declension of noun **شَهِيد** (šahīd)
singular	masculine			feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَهِيد šahīd	الشَّهِيد aš-šahīd	شَهِيد šahīd	شَهِيدَة šahīda	الشَّهِيدَة aš-šahīda	شَهِيدَة šahīdat
nominative	شَهِيدٌ šahīdun	الشَّهِيدُ aš-šahīdu	شَهِيدُ šahīdu	شَهِيدَةٌ šahīdatun	الشَّهِيدَةُ aš-šahīdatu	شَهِيدَةُ šahīdatu
accusative	شَهِيدًا šahīdan	الشَّهِيدَ aš-šahīda	شَهِيدَ šahīda	شَهِيدَةً šahīdatan	الشَّهِيدَةَ aš-šahīdata	شَهِيدَةَ šahīdata
genitive	شَهِيدٍ šahīdin	الشَّهِيدِ aš-šahīdi	شَهِيدِ šahīdi	شَهِيدَةٍ šahīdatin	الشَّهِيدَةِ aš-šahīdati	شَهِيدَةِ šahīdati
dual	masculine			feminine
dual	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَهِيدَيْن šahīdayn	الشَّهِيدَيْن aš-šahīdayn	شَهِيدَيْ šahīday	شَهِيدَتَيْن šahīdatayn	الشَّهِيدَتَيْن aš-šahīdatayn	شَهِيدَتَيْ šahīdatay
nominative	شَهِيدَانِ šahīdāni	الشَّهِيدَانِ aš-šahīdāni	شَهِيدَا šahīdā	شَهِيدَتَانِ šahīdatāni	الشَّهِيدَتَانِ aš-šahīdatāni	شَهِيدَتَا šahīdatā
accusative	شَهِيدَيْنِ šahīdayni	الشَّهِيدَيْنِ aš-šahīdayni	شَهِيدَيْ šahīday	شَهِيدَتَيْنِ šahīdatayni	الشَّهِيدَتَيْنِ aš-šahīdatayni	شَهِيدَتَيْ šahīdatay
genitive	شَهِيدَيْنِ šahīdayni	الشَّهِيدَيْنِ aš-šahīdayni	شَهِيدَيْ šahīday	شَهِيدَتَيْنِ šahīdatayni	الشَّهِيدَتَيْنِ aš-šahīdatayni	شَهِيدَتَيْ šahīdatay
plural	masculine			feminine
	basic broken plural diptote			sound feminine plural
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شُهَدَاء šuhadāʔ	الشُّهَدَاء aš-šuhadāʔ	شُهَدَاء šuhadāʔ	شَهِيدَات šahīdāt	الشَّهِيدَات aš-šahīdāt	شَهِيدَات šahīdāt
nominative	شُهَدَاءُ šuhadāʔu	الشُّهَدَاءُ aš-šuhadāʔu	شُهَدَاءُ šuhadāʔu	شَهِيدَاتٌ šahīdātun	الشَّهِيدَاتُ aš-šahīdātu	شَهِيدَاتُ šahīdātu
accusative	شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʔa	الشُّهَدَاءَ aš-šuhadāʔa	شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʔa	شَهِيدَاتٍ šahīdātin	الشَّهِيدَاتِ aš-šahīdāti	شَهِيدَاتِ šahīdāti
genitive	شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʔa	الشُّهَدَاءِ aš-šuhadāʔi	شُهَدَاءِ šuhadāʔi	شَهِيدَاتٍ šahīdātin	الشَّهِيدَاتِ aš-šahīdāti	شَهِيدَاتِ šahīdāti

Descendants

→ Armenian: շահիդ (šahid)
→ Azerbaijani: şəhid
→ English: shaheed
→ Kazakh: шаһит (şahit), шейіт (şeiıt)
→ Malay: syahid
- > Indonesian: syahid (inherited)
- → Tausug: sahid
→ Northern Kurdish: şehîd
→ Classical Persian: شَهِید (šahīd)
- → Hindustani:
  Hindi: शहीद (śahīd)
  Urdu: شَہِید (śahīd)
→ Russian: шахид (šaxid)
→ Swahili: shahidi
→ Somali: shahiid
→ Ottoman Turkish: شهید
- → Turkish: şehit
→ Uzbek: shahid