شهد

شَهِدَ • (šahida) I (non-past يَشْهَدُ (yašhadu), verbal noun شُهُود (šuhūd))

1. to witness, to be a witness
2. to experience personally, to see with one’s own eyes
3. to be present, to attend, to be around
4. to see

شَهِدَ • (šahida) I (non-past يَشْهَدُ (yašhadu), verbal noun شَهَادَة (šahāda))

1. to testify, to bear witness, to give testimony, to give evidence

   شَهِدَ الشَّاهِدُ بِالحَقِّ أَمَامَ القَاضِي.

   šahida aš-šāhidu bi-l-ḥaqqi ʔamāma l-qāḍī.

   The witness testified to the truth in front of the judge.

2. to attest, to confirm, to certify
3. to witness (a signature)
4. to acknowledge, to adjudge

• وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا (wašahida šāhidun min ʔahlihā)

From ش ه د (š h d), uncertain sense, perhaps from likening the honeycombs to the graves of martyrs or the swarming of people at such shrines like bees swarm around a hive; see مشهد. Otherwise from the mucus that covers a fetus at birth; the meaning of birth is extended from the "being around" or "being present" of verb form I.

شَهْد or شُهْد • (šahd or šuhd) m (plural شِهَاد (šihād))

1. honey especially still in the honeycomb

   Synonym: عَسَل (ʕasal)

   • 13th century, Saʿdī aš-Šīrāzī, دیوان سعدی [Dīwān of Saʿdī]:

     فَكَمْ تُمَرِّرُ عَيْشِي وَأَنْتَ حامِلُ شَهْدٍ

     fakam tumarriru ʕayšī waʔanta ḥāmilu šahdin

     And how much you make my life bitter and [although] you are a carrier of honey

2. honeycomb
3. melon, cantaloupe
4. nectar
5. (figuratively) anything pleasant
6. (figuratively, from stickiness) semen, menstruation

• → Classical Persian: شَهْد (šahd)
  • → Baluchi: شہد (šahad)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: शहद (śahad)

    Urdu: شَہْد (śahd)

  • → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਹਿਦ / شہد (śahid)

شُهَّد • (šuhhad) m pl

1. masculine plural of شَاهِد (šāhid)

• Freytag, Georg (1833) “شهد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 459–460
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “شهد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1609–1611.

Borrowed from Arabic شَهْد (šahd).

شهد • (šahd)

1. nectar (in the flower, before bees make it into honey)
2. (archaic) honey

   Synonyms: عسل (asal), انگبین (angabin)

3. (figurative) something sweet
   • c. 1380, Jahān Malik Khātūn, “Ghazal 265”, in دیوان جهان [Divān-i Jahān]‎^[2]:

     ای دل چو جهان به کام ما نیست
     شهباز وفا به دام ما نیست
     وز شهد وصال آن دلارام
     جز زهر جفا به جام ما نیست

     ay dil čū jahān ba kām-i mā nēst
     šahbāz-i wafā ba dām-i mā nēst
     w-az šahd-i wisāl-i ān dilārām
     juz zahr-i jafā ba jām-i mā nēst

     O heart! Since the world is not as we would wish it,
     The falcon of loyalty is not in our snare,
     And from the honey of reunion with that heart-soothing one,
     There is nothing but the venom of torment in our cup.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

• → Baluchi: شہد (šahad)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: शहद (śahad)

  Urdu: شَہْد (śahd)

• → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਹਿਦ / شہد (śahid)

• Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “شهد”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 237
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “شهد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim