صافن

Arabic

Etymology 1

From صَفَنَ (ṣafana, “to stand on three legs, the foreleg up”).

Adjective

صَافِن • (ṣāfin)

standing upon three legs, with just the tip of the foreleg on the bottom or the shank of one foreleg tied up
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 38:30-31:
  نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ إِذْ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَشِيِّ الصَّافِنَاتُ الْجِيَادُ
  niʕma l-ʕabdu ʔinna-hū ʔawwābun ʔiḏ ʕuriḍa ʕalay-hi bi-l-ʕašiyyi ṣ-ṣāfinātu l-jiyādu
  An excellent servant, he eschewed it with resolution when before him in the evening choice racehorses were presented.

Declension

Declension of adjective **صَافِن** (ṣāfin)
singular	masculine		feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	صَافِن ṣāfin	الصَّافِن aṣ-ṣāfin	صَافِنَة ṣāfina	الصَّافِنَة aṣ-ṣāfina
nominative	صَافِنٌ ṣāfinun	الصَّافِنُ aṣ-ṣāfinu	صَافِنَةٌ ṣāfinatun	الصَّافِنَةُ aṣ-ṣāfinatu
accusative	صَافِنًا ṣāfinan	الصَّافِنَ aṣ-ṣāfina	صَافِنَةً ṣāfinatan	الصَّافِنَةَ aṣ-ṣāfinata
genitive	صَافِنٍ ṣāfinin	الصَّافِنِ aṣ-ṣāfini	صَافِنَةٍ ṣāfinatin	الصَّافِنَةِ aṣ-ṣāfinati
dual	masculine		feminine
dual	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	صَافِنَيْن ṣāfinayn	الصَّافِنَيْن aṣ-ṣāfinayn	صَافِنَتَيْن ṣāfinatayn	الصَّافِنَتَيْن aṣ-ṣāfinatayn
nominative	صَافِنَانِ ṣāfināni	الصَّافِنَانِ aṣ-ṣāfināni	صَافِنَتَانِ ṣāfinatāni	الصَّافِنَتَانِ aṣ-ṣāfinatāni
accusative	صَافِنَيْنِ ṣāfinayni	الصَّافِنَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinayni	صَافِنَتَيْنِ ṣāfinatayni	الصَّافِنَتَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinatayni
genitive	صَافِنَيْنِ ṣāfinayni	الصَّافِنَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinayni	صَافِنَتَيْنِ ṣāfinatayni	الصَّافِنَتَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinatayni
plural	masculine		feminine
	basic broken plural triptote‎; basic broken plural diptote		basic broken plural diptote‎; sound feminine plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	صُفُون‎; صَوَافِن ṣufūn‎; ṣawāfin	الصُّفُون‎; الصَّوَافِن aṣ-ṣufūn‎; aṣ-ṣawāfin	صَوَافِن‎; صَافِنَات ṣawāfin‎; ṣāfināt	الصَّوَافِن‎; الصَّافِنَات aṣ-ṣawāfin‎; aṣ-ṣāfināt
nominative	صُفُونٌ‎; صَوَافِنُ ṣufūnun‎; ṣawāfinu	الصُّفُونُ‎; الصَّوَافِنُ aṣ-ṣufūnu‎; aṣ-ṣawāfinu	صَوَافِنُ‎; صَافِنَاتٌ ṣawāfinu‎; ṣāfinātun	الصَّوَافِنُ‎; الصَّافِنَاتُ aṣ-ṣawāfinu‎; aṣ-ṣāfinātu
accusative	صُفُونًا‎; صَوَافِنَ ṣufūnan‎; ṣawāfina	الصُّفُونَ‎; الصَّوَافِنَ aṣ-ṣufūna‎; aṣ-ṣawāfina	صَوَافِنَ‎; صَافِنَاتٍ ṣawāfina‎; ṣāfinātin	الصَّوَافِنَ‎; الصَّافِنَاتِ aṣ-ṣawāfina‎; aṣ-ṣāfināti
genitive	صُفُونٍ‎; صَوَافِنَ ṣufūnin‎; ṣawāfina	الصُّفُونِ‎; الصَّوَافِنِ aṣ-ṣufūni‎; aṣ-ṣawāfini	صَوَافِنَ‎; صَافِنَاتٍ ṣawāfina‎; ṣāfinātin	الصَّوَافِنِ‎; الصَّافِنَاتِ aṣ-ṣawāfini‎; aṣ-ṣāfināti

Etymology 2

From Hebrew צֹפֵן (ṣōfēn, “hiding”). Doublet of ضَامِن (ḍāmin).

Noun

صَافِن • (ṣāfin) m (plural صَوَافِن (ṣawāfin))

saphenous vein

Declension

Declension of noun **صَافِن** (ṣāfin)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	صَافِن ṣāfin	الصَّافِن aṣ-ṣāfin	صَافِن ṣāfin
nominative	صَافِنٌ ṣāfinun	الصَّافِنُ aṣ-ṣāfinu	صَافِنُ ṣāfinu
accusative	صَافِنًا ṣāfinan	الصَّافِنَ aṣ-ṣāfina	صَافِنَ ṣāfina
genitive	صَافِنٍ ṣāfinin	الصَّافِنِ aṣ-ṣāfini	صَافِنِ ṣāfini
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	صَافِنَيْن ṣāfinayn	الصَّافِنَيْن aṣ-ṣāfinayn	صَافِنَيْ ṣāfinay
nominative	صَافِنَانِ ṣāfināni	الصَّافِنَانِ aṣ-ṣāfināni	صَافِنَا ṣāfinā
accusative	صَافِنَيْنِ ṣāfinayni	الصَّافِنَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinayni	صَافِنَيْ ṣāfinay
genitive	صَافِنَيْنِ ṣāfinayni	الصَّافِنَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinayni	صَافِنَيْ ṣāfinay
plural	basic broken plural diptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	صَوَافِن ṣawāfin	الصَّوَافِن aṣ-ṣawāfin	صَوَافِن ṣawāfin
nominative	صَوَافِنُ ṣawāfinu	الصَّوَافِنُ aṣ-ṣawāfinu	صَوَافِنُ ṣawāfinu
accusative	صَوَافِنَ ṣawāfina	الصَّوَافِنَ aṣ-ṣawāfina	صَوَافِنَ ṣawāfina
genitive	صَوَافِنَ ṣawāfina	الصَّوَافِنِ aṣ-ṣawāfini	صَوَافِنِ ṣawāfini

Descendants

→ Medieval Latin: saphena
- → English: saphena
- → French: saphène
- → German: Saphena
- → Italian: safena
- → Portuguese: safena
- → Russian: сафе́на (saféna)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: сафена
  
  Latin script: safena
- → Spanish: saphena

References

Freytag, Georg (1833) “صافن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 506
Hyrtl, Joseph (1879) Das Arabische und Hebräische in der Anatomie‎^[2] (in German), Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller, pages 212–215
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “صافن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1350
Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “صافن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1703a.