صفرا
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic صَفْرَاء (ṣafrāʔ).
Adjective
صفرا • (safrâ)
- Arabic feminine singular and nonhuman plural of اصفر (asfer, “yellow”)
Noun
صفرا • (safra)
- bile, a bitter secretion produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder
- Synonym: اود (öd)
- anger combined with courage, choler, irritability
Descendants
- Turkish: safra
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “safra1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4009
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “صفرا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[1] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 762
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Bilis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[2], Vienna, column 121
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “صفرا”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[3], Vienna, column 2967
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “safra1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صفرا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1179
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic صَفْرَاء (ṣafrāʔ), feminine singular of أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /saf.ˈɾaː/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [säf.ɾɑ́ː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sæf.ɹɒ́ː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [säf.ɾɔ́]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | safrā |
| Dari reading? | safrā |
| Iranian reading? | safrâ |
| Tajik reading? | safro |
Noun
| Dari | صفرا |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | сафро |
صفرا • (safrâ)
- bile
- Synonym: زردآب (zard-âb)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 52—53:
- از قضا سرکنگبین صفرا فزود
روغن بادام خشکی مینمود
از هلیله قبض شد اطلاق رفت
آب آتش را مدد شد همچو نفت- az qazā sirkangabin safrā fuzūd
rōġan-i bādām xuškī mē-nimūd
az halīla qabz šud itlāq raft
āb ātaš rā madad šud hamčō naft - By Divine destiny, oxymel increased the bile,
and oil of almonds was producing dryness.
From [giving] myrobalan constipation resulted, relaxation ceased;
And water fed the flames, like naphtha.
- az qazā sirkangabin safrā fuzūd
Derived terms
- کیسه صفرا (kise-ye safrâ, “gallbladder”)
Adjective
صفرا • (safrâ)
- (archaic, for Arabic feminine nouns) yellow
Further reading
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “صفرا”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic صَفْرَاء (ṣafrāʔ), feminine singular of أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar).
Adjective
صَفْرا • (safrā) (Hindi spelling सफ़्रा)
- (reserved for feminine or nonhuman plural nouns) yellow
Noun
صَفْرا • (safrā) ? (Hindi spelling सफ़्रा)
Further reading
- Platts, John T. (1884) “صفرا”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.