ـم
Bulgar
Etymology 1
Cognate with Ottoman Turkish ما (ma), مه (me).
Suffix
ـمَ (-ma, -me)
- Suffix creating emphasis, reduplication.
Derived terms
- طَنْطُرْمَ (tanturma)
Etymology 2
Suffix
ـمْ (-m)
- Suffix equipping ordinal numbers.
Derived terms
References
- Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language][1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN
Persian
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
- ام (-am) (used for words ending in ـه (-e) (non-joining))
- ـیم (-yam) (used for words ending in ا (â) and و (u, o))
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈ‿am/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [‿äm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿æm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿äm]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | ‿am |
| Dari reading? | ‿am |
| Iranian reading? | ‿am |
| Tajik reading? | ‿am |
Suffix
| Dari | ـم |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | -ам |
ـم • (-am)
- First-person singular possessive suffix.
Derived terms
See also
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ـَم (-am) | ـَمان (-amân) | |
| 2nd person | ـَت (-at) | ـَتان (-atân) | |
| 3rd person | ـَش (-aš) | ـَشان (-ašân) | |
Etymology 2
Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (-om).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈ‿um/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [‿ʊm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿om]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿um]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | ‿um |
| Dari reading? | ‿um |
| Iranian reading? | ‿om |
| Tajik reading? | ‿um |
Suffix
| Dari | ـم |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | -ум |
ـُم • (-om)
- -th; creates ordinal numbers
- پنجم ― panj-om ― fifth
- بیست و یکم ― bist-o yek-om ― twenty-first
- -th; creates fractions
- یک ششم میوه ― yek šeš-om-e mive ― a sixth of the fruit
Usage notes
An ordinal number formed by the suffix ـم (-om) behaves syntactically as a regular adjective, unlike the cardinals, and takes the ezâfe.
- بیست قرن ― bist qarn ― twenty centuries
- قرن بیستم ― qarn-e bistom ― twentieth century
Persian has two ways to form the ordinals: ـم (-om), and the related ـمین (-omin). The -om forms have a stronger connotation of labeling, while the -omin forms have a stronger connotation of counting according to a certain criterion. The -omin forms also precede the attributed noun without the ezâfe.
- خانه سوم خیابان ― xâne-ye sevvom-e xiyâbân ― third house on the street [out of all houses]
- سومین خانه سیاه خیابان ― sevvomin xâne-ye siyâh-e xiyâbân ― the third black house on the street
For "first" in isolation (but not in compounds), یکم (yekom) is much less common than the Arabic-borrowed اول (avval).
Uyghur
Suffix
ـم • (-m)
- First-person singular possessive suffix.
Usage notes
- (instantaneous suffix) Harmonic variants:
Uyghur possessive suffixes
| Open syllable | Closed syllable or Open syllable with accent interfixed with ـيـ (-y-) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded vowel | Rounded vowel | |||||||
| Back vowel | Front vowel | Back vowel | Front vowel | Back vowel | Front vowel | |||
| 1st person | singular (my) مېنىڭ (mëning) |
ـم (-m) | ـىم (-im) | ـۇم (-um) | ـۈم (-üm) | |||
| plural (our) بىزنىڭ (bizning) |
ـمىز (-miz) | ـىمىز (-imiz) | ||||||
| 2nd person (your) |
singular | ordinary سېنىڭ (sëning) |
ـڭ (-ng) | ـىڭ (-ing) | ـۇڭ (-ung) | ـۈڭ (-üng) | ||
| refined سىزنىڭ (sizning) |
ـڭىز (-ngiz) | ـىڭىز (-i'ngiz) | ||||||
| plural | ordinary سىلەرنىڭ (silerning) |
ـڭلار (-nglar) | ـىڭلار (-inglar) | ـۇڭلار (-unglar) | ـۈڭلار (-ünglar) | |||
| refined سىزلەرنىڭ (sizlerning) |
ـڭىزلار (-ngizlar) | ـڭىزلەر (-ngizler) | ـىڭىزلار (-i'ngizlar) | ـىڭىزلەر (-i'ngizler) | ـىڭىزلار (-i'ngizlar) | ـىڭىزلەر (-i'ngizler) | ||
| Singular & plural respectful سىلىنىڭ (silining) ھەر قايسىلىرىنىڭ (her qaysilirining) |
ـلىرى (-liri) | |||||||
| 3rd person | Singular & plural (his/her/its/their) ئۇنىڭ (uning) ئۇلارنىڭ (ularning) |
ـسى (-si) | ـى (-i) | |||||
Derived terms
Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـم not found
See also
- Appendix:Uyghur suffixes