فلس

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic פֵילַס (pilas) / פלס (polləs) / ܦܠܣ / פּוּלְסָא (puləsā) / ܦܘܽܠܣܴܐ (puləsā), from Ancient Greek φόλλις (phóllis), from Latin follis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fils/
IPA^(key): /fuls/
IPA^(key): /fals/

Noun

فِلْس or فُلْس or فَلْس • (fils or fuls or fals) m (plural فُلُوس (fulūs) or أَفْلُس (ʔaflus))

a small-denomination coin, penny
(colloquial, in the plural) money

Declension

Declension of noun **فِلْس** (fils)‎; **فُلْس** (fuls)‎; **فَلْس** (fals)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فِلْس‎; فُلْس‎; فَلْس fils‎; fuls‎; fals	الْفِلْس‎; الْفُلْس‎; الْفَلْس al-fils‎; al-fuls‎; al-fals	فِلْس‎; فُلْس‎; فَلْس fils‎; fuls‎; fals
nominative	فِلْسٌ‎; فُلْسٌ‎; فَلْسٌ filsun‎; fulsun‎; falsun	الْفِلْسُ‎; الْفُلْسُ‎; الْفَلْسُ al-filsu‎; al-fulsu‎; al-falsu	فِلْسُ‎; فُلْسُ‎; فَلْسُ filsu‎; fulsu‎; falsu
accusative	فِلْسًا‎; فُلْسًا‎; فَلْسًا filsan‎; fulsan‎; falsan	الْفِلْسَ‎; الْفُلْسَ‎; الْفَلْسَ al-filsa‎; al-fulsa‎; al-falsa	فِلْسَ‎; فُلْسَ‎; فَلْسَ filsa‎; fulsa‎; falsa
genitive	فِلْسٍ‎; فُلْسٍ‎; فَلْسٍ filsin‎; fulsin‎; falsin	الْفِلْسِ‎; الْفُلْسِ‎; الْفَلْسِ al-filsi‎; al-fulsi‎; al-falsi	فِلْسِ‎; فُلْسِ‎; فَلْسِ filsi‎; fulsi‎; falsi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فِلْسَيْن‎; فُلْسَيْن‎; فَلْسَيْن filsayn‎; fulsayn‎; falsayn	الْفِلْسَيْن‎; الْفُلْسَيْن‎; الْفَلْسَيْن al-filsayn‎; al-fulsayn‎; al-falsayn	فِلْسَيْ‎; فُلْسَيْ‎; فَلْسَيْ filsay‎; fulsay‎; falsay
nominative	فِلْسَانِ‎; فُلْسَانِ‎; فَلْسَانِ filsāni‎; fulsāni‎; falsāni	الْفِلْسَانِ‎; الْفُلْسَانِ‎; الْفَلْسَانِ al-filsāni‎; al-fulsāni‎; al-falsāni	فِلْسَا‎; فُلْسَا‎; فَلْسَا filsā‎; fulsā‎; falsā
accusative	فِلْسَيْنِ‎; فُلْسَيْنِ‎; فَلْسَيْنِ filsayni‎; fulsayni‎; falsayni	الْفِلْسَيْنِ‎; الْفُلْسَيْنِ‎; الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-filsayni‎; al-fulsayni‎; al-falsayni	فِلْسَيْ‎; فُلْسَيْ‎; فَلْسَيْ filsay‎; fulsay‎; falsay
genitive	فِلْسَيْنِ‎; فُلْسَيْنِ‎; فَلْسَيْنِ filsayni‎; fulsayni‎; falsayni	الْفِلْسَيْنِ‎; الْفُلْسَيْنِ‎; الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-filsayni‎; al-fulsayni‎; al-falsayni	فِلْسَيْ‎; فُلْسَيْ‎; فَلْسَيْ filsay‎; fulsay‎; falsay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فُلُوس‎; أَفْلُس fulūs‎; ʔaflus	الْفُلُوس‎; الْأَفْلُس al-fulūs‎; al-ʔaflus	فُلُوس‎; أَفْلُس fulūs‎; ʔaflus
nominative	فُلُوسٌ‎; أَفْلُسٌ fulūsun‎; ʔaflusun	الْفُلُوسُ‎; الْأَفْلُسُ al-fulūsu‎; al-ʔaflusu	فُلُوسُ‎; أَفْلُسُ fulūsu‎; ʔaflusu
accusative	فُلُوسًا‎; أَفْلُسًا fulūsan‎; ʔaflusan	الْفُلُوسَ‎; الْأَفْلُسَ al-fulūsa‎; al-ʔaflusa	فُلُوسَ‎; أَفْلُسَ fulūsa‎; ʔaflusa
genitive	فُلُوسٍ‎; أَفْلُسٍ fulūsin‎; ʔaflusin	الْفُلُوسِ‎; الْأَفْلُسِ al-fulūsi‎; al-ʔaflusi	فُلُوسِ‎; أَفْلُسِ fulūsi‎; ʔaflusi

Derived terms

فَلَّسَ (fallasa, “to bankrupt”)
أَفْلَسَ (ʔaflasa, “to become bankrupt”)
- إِفْلَاس (ʔiflās, “bankruptcy”)
فَلَاسَة (falāsa, “bankruptcy”)

Descendants

Egyptian Arabic: فلوس (filūs)
Gulf Arabic: فلوس (flūs), فلس (fils)
Hijazi Arabic: فلوس (fulūs, filūs)
Maltese: flus
Moroccan Arabic: فلوس (flūs), فلس (fals)
→ English: fils, fals
→ Dutch: floes
→ French: flouze
→ Indonesian: fulus
→ Swahili: fulusi
→ Swedish: flos
→ Ottoman Turkish: فلس (fels)
→ Turkish: fülüs

Etymology 2

Denominal verb of فِلْس (fils).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fal.la.sa/

Verb

فَلَّسَ • (fallasa) II (non-past يُفَلِّسُ (yufallisu), verbal noun تَفْلِيس (taflīs))

to bankrupt, to make broke, to ruin, to render out of pennies
to cut the vines in straight line (because not every one who pruned the vines had the capacity to do so)
- Dozy s.v. from Auw. man. from Leiden, 121 r missing in the edition
  c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, page 509:
  الخطيب ابن حَجّاجٍ وقد اعتاد الكسّاحون عندنا ان يكون قطع القضبان من الكروم قطعا معتدلا بدون تحريف فيه ويسمونه المُفَلَّسْ وهو اغرب فى صناعتهم لانهم عندهم ليس كل الناس يقدر عليه
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of **فَلَّسَ** (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun *تَفْلِيس*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَفْلِيس taflīs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُفَلِّس mufallis
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُفَلَّس mufallas
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فَلَّسْتُ fallastu	فَلَّسْتَ fallasta	فَلَّسَ fallasa	فَلَّسْتُمَا fallastumā	فَلَّسَا fallasā	فَلَّسْنَا fallasnā	فَلَّسْتُمْ fallastum	فَلَّسُوا fallasū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	فَلَّسْتُ fallastu	فَلَّسْتِ fallasti	فَلَّسَتْ fallasat	فَلَّسْتُمَا fallastumā	فَلَّسَتَا fallasatā	فَلَّسْنَا fallasnā	فَلَّسْتُنَّ fallastunna	فَلَّسْنَ fallasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفَلِّسُ ʔufallisu	تُفَلِّسُ tufallisu	يُفَلِّسُ yufallisu	تُفَلِّسَانِ tufallisāni	يُفَلِّسَانِ yufallisāni	نُفَلِّسُ nufallisu	تُفَلِّسُونَ tufallisūna	يُفَلِّسُونَ yufallisūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُفَلِّسُ ʔufallisu	تُفَلِّسِينَ tufallisīna	تُفَلِّسُ tufallisu	تُفَلِّسَانِ tufallisāni	تُفَلِّسَانِ tufallisāni	نُفَلِّسُ nufallisu	تُفَلِّسْنَ tufallisna	يُفَلِّسْنَ yufallisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفَلِّسَ ʔufallisa	تُفَلِّسَ tufallisa	يُفَلِّسَ yufallisa	تُفَلِّسَا tufallisā	يُفَلِّسَا yufallisā	نُفَلِّسَ nufallisa	تُفَلِّسُوا tufallisū	يُفَلِّسُوا yufallisū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُفَلِّسَ ʔufallisa	تُفَلِّسِي tufallisī	تُفَلِّسَ tufallisa	تُفَلِّسَا tufallisā	تُفَلِّسَا tufallisā	نُفَلِّسَ nufallisa	تُفَلِّسْنَ tufallisna	يُفَلِّسْنَ yufallisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفَلِّسْ ʔufallis	تُفَلِّسْ tufallis	يُفَلِّسْ yufallis	تُفَلِّسَا tufallisā	يُفَلِّسَا yufallisā	نُفَلِّسْ nufallis	تُفَلِّسُوا tufallisū	يُفَلِّسُوا yufallisū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُفَلِّسْ ʔufallis	تُفَلِّسِي tufallisī	تُفَلِّسْ tufallis	تُفَلِّسَا tufallisā	تُفَلِّسَا tufallisā	نُفَلِّسْ nufallis	تُفَلِّسْنَ tufallisna	يُفَلِّسْنَ yufallisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		فَلِّسْ fallis		فَلِّسَا fallisā			فَلِّسُوا fallisū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		فَلِّسِي fallisī		فَلِّسَا fallisā			فَلِّسْنَ fallisna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فُلِّسْتُ fullistu	فُلِّسْتَ fullista	فُلِّسَ fullisa	فُلِّسْتُمَا fullistumā	فُلِّسَا fullisā	فُلِّسْنَا fullisnā	فُلِّسْتُمْ fullistum	فُلِّسُوا fullisū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	فُلِّسْتُ fullistu	فُلِّسْتِ fullisti	فُلِّسَتْ fullisat	فُلِّسْتُمَا fullistumā	فُلِّسَتَا fullisatā	فُلِّسْنَا fullisnā	فُلِّسْتُنَّ fullistunna	فُلِّسْنَ fullisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفَلَّسُ ʔufallasu	تُفَلَّسُ tufallasu	يُفَلَّسُ yufallasu	تُفَلَّسَانِ tufallasāni	يُفَلَّسَانِ yufallasāni	نُفَلَّسُ nufallasu	تُفَلَّسُونَ tufallasūna	يُفَلَّسُونَ yufallasūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُفَلَّسُ ʔufallasu	تُفَلَّسِينَ tufallasīna	تُفَلَّسُ tufallasu	تُفَلَّسَانِ tufallasāni	تُفَلَّسَانِ tufallasāni	نُفَلَّسُ nufallasu	تُفَلَّسْنَ tufallasna	يُفَلَّسْنَ yufallasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفَلَّسَ ʔufallasa	تُفَلَّسَ tufallasa	يُفَلَّسَ yufallasa	تُفَلَّسَا tufallasā	يُفَلَّسَا yufallasā	نُفَلَّسَ nufallasa	تُفَلَّسُوا tufallasū	يُفَلَّسُوا yufallasū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُفَلَّسَ ʔufallasa	تُفَلَّسِي tufallasī	تُفَلَّسَ tufallasa	تُفَلَّسَا tufallasā	تُفَلَّسَا tufallasā	نُفَلَّسَ nufallasa	تُفَلَّسْنَ tufallasna	يُفَلَّسْنَ yufallasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفَلَّسْ ʔufallas	تُفَلَّسْ tufallas	يُفَلَّسْ yufallas	تُفَلَّسَا tufallasā	يُفَلَّسَا yufallasā	نُفَلَّسْ nufallas	تُفَلَّسُوا tufallasū	يُفَلَّسُوا yufallasū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُفَلَّسْ ʔufallas	تُفَلَّسِي tufallasī	تُفَلَّسْ tufallas	تُفَلَّسَا tufallasā	تُفَلَّسَا tufallasā	نُفَلَّسْ nufallas	تُفَلَّسْنَ tufallasna	يُفَلَّسْنَ yufallasna

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φολίς (pholís).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fals/

Noun

فَلْس • (fals) m (plural فُلُوس (fulūs))

scale of a fish

Declension

Declension of noun **فَلْس** (fals)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فَلْس fals	الْفَلْس al-fals	فَلْس fals
nominative	فَلْسٌ falsun	الْفَلْسُ al-falsu	فَلْسُ falsu
accusative	فَلْسًا falsan	الْفَلْسَ al-falsa	فَلْسَ falsa
genitive	فَلْسٍ falsin	الْفَلْسِ al-falsi	فَلْسِ falsi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فَلْسَيْن falsayn	الْفَلْسَيْن al-falsayn	فَلْسَيْ falsay
nominative	فَلْسَانِ falsāni	الْفَلْسَانِ al-falsāni	فَلْسَا falsā
accusative	فَلْسَيْنِ falsayni	الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-falsayni	فَلْسَيْ falsay
genitive	فَلْسَيْنِ falsayni	الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-falsayni	فَلْسَيْ falsay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فُلُوس fulūs	الْفُلُوس al-fulūs	فُلُوس fulūs
nominative	فُلُوسٌ fulūsun	الْفُلُوسُ al-fulūsu	فُلُوسُ fulūsu
accusative	فُلُوسًا fulūsan	الْفُلُوسَ al-fulūsa	فُلُوسَ fulūsa
genitive	فُلُوسٍ fulūsin	الْفُلُوسِ al-fulūsi	فُلُوسِ fulūsi

Descendants

→ Swahili: fulusi
→ Ottoman Turkish: فلس (fels)

References

“pls”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “فلس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 278
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 192
Freytag, Georg (1835) “فلس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 369
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “فلس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 629–630
Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “فلس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2440.
Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “فلس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 979–980

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ف ل س
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic فَلَّسَ (fallasa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fal.las/

Verb

فَلَّس • (fallas) II (non-past يِفَلِّس (yifallis))

to go broke, to become bankrupt.

Conjugation

Conjugation of **فلس**
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	فلست (fallast)	فلست (fallast)	فلس (fallas)	فلسنا (fallasna)	فلستوا (fallastu)	فلسوا (fallasu)
past	f	فلست (fallast)	فلستي (fallasti)	فلست (fallasat)	فلسنا (fallasna)	فلستوا (fallastu)	فلسوا (fallasu)
non-past	m	أفلس (ʔafallis)	تفلس (tifallis)	يفلس (yifallis)	نفلس (nifallis)	تفلسوا (tifallisu)	يفلسوا (yifallisu)
non-past	f	أفلس (ʔafallis)	تفلسي (tifallisi)	تفلس (tifallis)	نفلس (nifallis)	تفلسوا (tifallisu)	يفلسوا (yifallisu)
imperative	m		فلس (fallis)			فلسوا (fallisu)
imperative	f		فلسي (fallisi)			فلسوا (fallisu)

Etymology 2

From Arabic فِلْس (fils).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fils/, [fɪls]

Noun

فلس • (fils) m (plural فِلوس (filūs) or فُلوس (fulūs))

a small-denomination coin, penny
a subdivision of currency used in some Arab countries.

Usage notes

The plural is used mainly to mean "money".

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Arabic فَلْس (fals, a kind of coin).

Noun

فلس • (fels) (plural فلوس)

mite, very small coin worth about the twentieth part of a penny sterling

Etymology 2

From Arabic فَلْس (fals, “scale”).

Noun

فلس • (fels) (plural فلوس)

scale of a fish, a small, flat and hard piece of keratin
any scale-like thing, as a spangle, etc.
small boss on a compound astrolabe

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فَلْس (fals), from Ancient Greek φολίς (pholís).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈfals/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fäls]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [fäls]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [fäls]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [fæls]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [fäls]

Readings
Classical reading^?	fals
Dari reading^?	fals
Iranian reading^?	fals
Tajik reading^?	fals

Noun


Iranian Persian	فلس
Dari	فلس
Tajik	фалс

فلس • (fals) (plural فلس‌ها)

flake, lamination, scale
- The Bible, Acts 9:18:
  در ساعت از چشمان او چیزی مثل فلس افتاده، بینایی یافت و برخاسته، تعمید گرفت
  At that instant something like a scale fell from his eyes, and he regained his sight. Then he rose and was baptized

Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

References

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Further reading

Persian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun