قرنفل
Arabic
Alternative forms
- قَرَنْفُول (qaranfūl)
Etymology
Imported from India. Compare Tamil கராம்பு (karāmpu), கிராம்பு (kirāmpu), കരയാമ്പ് (karayāmpŭ), ഗ്രാമ്പൂ (grāmpū), Sinhalese කරාබු (karābu), Tagalog klabong, klabos, kalabumpako, all meaning cloves. From the same source Ancient Greek καρυόφυλλον (karuóphullon), Amharic ቅርንፉድ (ḳərnəfud).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qa.ran.ful/, /qu.ran.ful/
- Rhymes: -ul
Noun
قَرَنْفُل or قُرَنْفُل • (qaranful or quranful) m
- clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
- 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, “Poem #201”, in The Works of 'Abū al-Ṭayyib al-Mutanabbī, volume 3, Dār Al-Ma‘rifah, published 1978, pages 201–202:
- وَمَنْزِلٍ لَيْسَ لَنَا بِمَنْزِلِ / وَلَا لِغَيْرِ الْغَادِيَاتِ الْهُطَّلِ
نَدِيِّ الْخُزَامَى ذَفِرِ الْقَرَنْفُلِ / مُحَلَّلٍ مِلْوَحْشِ لَمْ يُحَلَّلِ- wamanzilin laysa lanā bimanzili / walā liḡayri l-ḡādiyāti l-huṭṭali
nadiyyi l-ḵuzāmā ḏafiri al-qaranfuli / muḥallalin milwaḥši lam yuḥallali - A place, which has never been a stop for us
Nor anyone but the show'ring daybreak-clouds,
With dewy lavenders, and fragrant cloves,
Settled by the wildlife, and no one else.
- wamanzilin laysa lanā bimanzili / walā liḡayri l-ḡādiyāti l-huṭṭali
- pink, carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | قَرَنْفُل; قُرَنْفُل qaranful; quranful |
الْقَرَنْفُل; الْقُرَنْفُل al-qaranful; al-quranful |
قَرَنْفُل; قُرَنْفُل qaranful; quranful |
| nominative | قَرَنْفُلٌ; قُرَنْفُلٌ qaranfulun; quranfulun |
الْقَرَنْفُلُ; الْقُرَنْفُلُ al-qaranfulu; al-quranfulu |
قَرَنْفُلُ; قُرَنْفُلُ qaranfulu; quranfulu |
| accusative | قَرَنْفُلًا; قُرَنْفُلًا qaranfulan; quranfulan |
الْقَرَنْفُلَ; الْقُرَنْفُلَ al-qaranfula; al-quranfula |
قَرَنْفُلَ; قُرَنْفُلَ qaranfula; quranfula |
| genitive | قَرَنْفُلٍ; قُرَنْفُلٍ qaranfulin; quranfulin |
الْقَرَنْفُلِ; الْقُرَنْفُلِ al-qaranfuli; al-quranfuli |
قَرَنْفُلِ; قُرَنْفُلِ qaranfuli; quranfuli |
Descendants
- Maltese: qronfol
- → Aramaic:
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קרונפול
- Classical Syriac: ܩܪܢܦܘܠܐ
- → Dhivehi: ކަރަންފޫ (karan̊fū)
- → Israeli Hebrew: קרנפול
- → Persian: قرنفل (qaranfol) (see there for further descendants)
- → Swahili: karafuu
- → Yoruba: kànáfùrù, kànnáfùrù
- → Hausa: kanumfari
- Nupe: kannáfùrù
References
- Gernot Katzer’s Spice Pages: Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum)
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 144
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[1] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 275–279
- Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen[2] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, , page 355
- “КАРАМФЍЛ”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “karànfil”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Hijazi Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡu.run.ful/, [ɡʊ.rʊɱ.fʊl]
Noun
قُرُنْفُل • (gurunful) m (collective)
Moroccan Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qrun.ful/
Noun
قرنفل • (qrunful) m (collective)
- carnation (flower)
- clove (spice)
- Synonym: عود النوار (ʕūd en-nuwwār)
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).
Noun
قرنفل • (karanfil)
Descendants
- Turkish: karanfil
- → Albanian: karafil
- → Bulgarian: каранфи́л (karanfíl), карамфи́л (karamfíl), карафи́ль (karafílʹ), ка́рафил (kárafil)
- → Macedonian: каранфил (karanfil), каранфилче (karanfilče)
- → Middle Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (ġaranfil), ղարանֆուլ (ġaranful)
- Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (ġaranfil), ղարաֆիլ (ġarafil), խառանֆիլ (xaṙanfil), խարաֆիլ (xarafil), կանաֆիլ (kanafil)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: кара̀нфил, каранфѝлић
- Latin script: karànfil, karanfìlić
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /qa.ɾan.ˈful/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fʊ́l]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [qæ.ɹæɱ.fól̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fúl]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | qaranful |
| Dari reading? | qaranful |
| Iranian reading? | ġaranfol |
| Tajik reading? | qaranful |
Noun
قرنفل • (qaranfol)
Descendants
- → Adyghe: къэрмэфибл (qɛrmɛfibl)
- → Azerbaijani: qərənfil
- → Bashkir: ҡәләмфер (qələmfer), ҡәнәфер (qənəfer)
- → Kazakh: қалампыр (qalampyr)
- → Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: qerefîl, qerenfîl
- Central Kurdish: قەنەفِڵ (qenefill)
- → Kyrgyz: калемпир (kalempir)
- → Ottoman Turkish: قرنفل (karanfil) (see there for further descendants)
- > Turkish: karanfil (inherited)
- → Uyghur: قەرەنفىل (qerenfil), قەلەمپۇر (qelempur)
- → Uzbek: qalampir