καρυόφυλλον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

By surface κάρυον (káruon, “nut”) +‎ φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”), but due to the meaning and similar terms of this meaning this is evidently an adaptation of a Semitic term from an Indian language, see Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ka.ry.ó.pʰyl.lon/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ka.ryˈo.pʰyl.lon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ka.ryˈo.ɸyl.lon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ka.ryˈo.fyl.lon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ka.riˈo.fi.lon/

Noun

κᾰρῠόφῠλλον • (kărŭóphŭllon) n (genitive κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλου); second declension

clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum)
its dried flower bud

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ κᾰρῠόφῠλλον; τοῦ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κᾰρῠόφῠλλον tò kărŭóphŭllon	τὼ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλω tṑ kărŭophŭ́llō	τᾰ̀ κᾰρῠόφῠλλᾰ tằ kărŭóphŭllă
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλου toû kărŭophŭ́llou	τοῖν κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλοιν toîn kărŭophŭ́lloin	τῶν κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλων tôn kărŭophŭ́llōn
Dative	τῷ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλῳ tōî kărŭophŭ́llōi	τοῖν κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλοιν toîn kărŭophŭ́lloin	τοῖς κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλοις toîs kărŭophŭ́llois
Accusative	τὸ κᾰρῠόφῠλλον tò kărŭóphŭllon	τὼ κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλω tṑ kărŭophŭ́llō	τᾰ̀ κᾰρῠόφῠλλᾰ tằ kărŭóphŭllă
Vocative	κᾰρῠόφῠλλον kărŭóphŭllon	κᾰρῠοφῠ́λλω kărŭophŭ́llō	κᾰρῠόφῠλλᾰ kărŭóphŭllă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ Bulgarian: калофер (kalofer)
- → Romanian: calomfir
→ Latin: caryophyllus
- → Translingual: Caryophyllus
→ Classical Syriac: ܩܪܦܠܢ, ܩܪܦܠܘܢ