كاغد
Arabic
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Persian کاغذ (kâġaz, kâġez), کاغد (kâġad, kâġed).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaː.ɣið/, /kaː.ɣad/
Noun
كَاغِد or كَاغَد • (kāḡid or kāḡad) m (collective, singulative كَاغِدَة f (kāḡida), plural كَوَاغِد (kawāḡid))
- a kind of paper
Declension
| collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | كَاغِد; كَاغَد kāḡid; kāḡad |
الْكَاغِد; الْكَاغَد al-kāḡid; al-kāḡad |
كَاغِد; كَاغَد kāḡid; kāḡad |
| nominative | كَاغِدٌ; كَاغَدٌ kāḡidun; kāḡadun |
الْكَاغِدُ; الْكَاغَدُ al-kāḡidu; al-kāḡadu |
كَاغِدُ; كَاغَدُ kāḡidu; kāḡadu |
| accusative | كَاغِدًا; كَاغَدًا kāḡidan; kāḡadan |
الْكَاغِدَ; الْكَاغَدَ al-kāḡida; al-kāḡada |
كَاغِدَ; كَاغَدَ kāḡida; kāḡada |
| genitive | كَاغِدٍ; كَاغَدٍ kāḡidin; kāḡadin |
الْكَاغِدِ; الْكَاغَدِ al-kāḡidi; al-kāḡadi |
كَاغِدِ; كَاغَدِ kāḡidi; kāḡadi |
| singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | كَاغِدَة; كَاغَدَة kāḡida; kāḡada |
الْكَاغِدَة; الْكَاغَدَة al-kāḡida; al-kāḡada |
كَاغِدَة; كَاغَدَة kāḡidat; kāḡadat |
| nominative | كَاغِدَةٌ; كَاغَدَةٌ kāḡidatun; kāḡadatun |
الْكَاغِدَةُ; الْكَاغَدَةُ al-kāḡidatu; al-kāḡadatu |
كَاغِدَةُ; كَاغَدَةُ kāḡidatu; kāḡadatu |
| accusative | كَاغِدَةً; كَاغَدَةً kāḡidatan; kāḡadatan |
الْكَاغِدَةَ; الْكَاغَدَةَ al-kāḡidata; al-kāḡadata |
كَاغِدَةَ; كَاغَدَةَ kāḡidata; kāḡadata |
| genitive | كَاغِدَةٍ; كَاغَدَةٍ kāḡidatin; kāḡadatin |
الْكَاغِدَةِ; الْكَاغَدَةِ al-kāḡidati; al-kāḡadati |
كَاغِدَةِ; كَاغَدَةِ kāḡidati; kāḡadati |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | كَاغِدَتَيْن; كَاغَدَتَيْن kāḡidatayn; kāḡadatayn |
الْكَاغِدَتَيْن; الْكَاغَدَتَيْن al-kāḡidatayn; al-kāḡadatayn |
كَاغِدَتَيْ; كَاغَدَتَيْ kāḡidatay; kāḡadatay |
| nominative | كَاغِدَتَانِ; كَاغَدَتَانِ kāḡidatāni; kāḡadatāni |
الْكَاغِدَتَانِ; الْكَاغَدَتَانِ al-kāḡidatāni; al-kāḡadatāni |
كَاغِدَتَا; كَاغَدَتَا kāḡidatā; kāḡadatā |
| accusative | كَاغِدَتَيْنِ; كَاغَدَتَيْنِ kāḡidatayni; kāḡadatayni |
الْكَاغِدَتَيْنِ; الْكَاغَدَتَيْنِ al-kāḡidatayni; al-kāḡadatayni |
كَاغِدَتَيْ; كَاغَدَتَيْ kāḡidatay; kāḡadatay |
| genitive | كَاغِدَتَيْنِ; كَاغَدَتَيْنِ kāḡidatayni; kāḡadatayni |
الْكَاغِدَتَيْنِ; الْكَاغَدَتَيْنِ al-kāḡidatayni; al-kāḡadatayni |
كَاغِدَتَيْ; كَاغَدَتَيْ kāḡidatay; kāḡadatay |
| paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | كَاغِدَات; كَاغَدَات kāḡidāt; kāḡadāt |
الْكَاغِدَات; الْكَاغَدَات al-kāḡidāt; al-kāḡadāt |
كَاغِدَات; كَاغَدَات kāḡidāt; kāḡadāt |
| nominative | كَاغِدَاتٌ; كَاغَدَاتٌ kāḡidātun; kāḡadātun |
الْكَاغِدَاتُ; الْكَاغَدَاتُ al-kāḡidātu; al-kāḡadātu |
كَاغِدَاتُ; كَاغَدَاتُ kāḡidātu; kāḡadātu |
| accusative | كَاغِدَاتٍ; كَاغَدَاتٍ kāḡidātin; kāḡadātin |
الْكَاغِدَاتِ; الْكَاغَدَاتِ al-kāḡidāti; al-kāḡadāti |
كَاغِدَاتِ; كَاغَدَاتِ kāḡidāti; kāḡadāti |
| genitive | كَاغِدَاتٍ; كَاغَدَاتٍ kāḡidātin; kāḡadātin |
الْكَاغِدَاتِ; الْكَاغَدَاتِ al-kāḡidāti; al-kāḡadāti |
كَاغِدَاتِ; كَاغَدَاتِ kāḡidāti; kāḡadāti |
| plural of variety | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | كَوَاغِد kawāḡid |
الْكَوَاغِد al-kawāḡid |
كَوَاغِد kawāḡid |
| nominative | كَوَاغِدُ kawāḡidu |
الْكَوَاغِدُ al-kawāḡidu |
كَوَاغِدُ kawāḡidu |
| accusative | كَوَاغِدَ kawāḡida |
الْكَوَاغِدَ al-kawāḡida |
كَوَاغِدَ kawāḡida |
| genitive | كَوَاغِدَ kawāḡida |
الْكَوَاغِدِ al-kawāḡidi |
كَوَاغِدِ kawāḡidi |
References
- Ibn Ḵātima (a. 1369) “Un document nouveau sur l’arabe dialectal d’Occident au XIIe siècle = إيراد اللآل من إنشاد الضوال [ʾīrad l-laʾāl min ʾinšād aḍ-ḍawāl]”, in G. S. Colin, editor, Hespéris[1], volume 12, number 1, published 1931, page 14 footnote 4
- Michael Jan de Goeje, editor (1879), Indices, glossarium et addenda et emendanda ad part. I–III (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 7)[2] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1879, page 341
Gulf Arabic
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish كاغد (ḱâğıd), from Persian کاغد (kâġed, “paper”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɑːʁəd/
Noun
كاغَد • (kāġad) (dual ?, plural ?)
References
- l-iRšēd, Ḵālid (2012) “كاغد”, in Ḵālid Jumʿa, editor, موسوعة اللهجة الكويتية [The Encyclopedia of the Kuwaiti Dialect][3], 2nd edition (overall work in Gulf Arabic and Arabic), Kuwaiti City: ناشري [Nāširi], →ISBN
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
From Persian کاغذ (kâġaz, “paper”), itself from Sogdian 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾγδʾ /kāγaδā/). Further etymology is unknown, perhaps a borrowing from Old Chinese 紙 (OC *kjeʔ); cognate with Azerbaijani kağız, Bashkir ҡағыҙ (qağıź), Kazakh қағаз (qağaz), Kyrgyz кагаз (kagaz), Tatar кәгазь (käğaz’), Turkmen kagyz, Uyghur قەغەز (qeghez) and Uzbek qog'oz.
Noun
كاغد • (kâğıd) (definite accusative كاغدی (kâğıdı), plural كاغدلر (kâğıdlar))
- paper, a material made of cellulose fibres used for writing or printing
- Synonym: قرطاس (kırtas)
- 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk[4], page 25:
- افندیلر ؛ او مسوده ایشته عیناً شو كاغدلردر.
- Efendiler; o müsvedde işte aynen şu ḱağıdlardır.
- Gentlemen; that draft is exacly those papers.
- sheet, a usually rectangular piece of paper that has been prepared for writing or printing
- written or printed paper, a letter or document written on a paper sheet
- playing card, any of the rectangular pieces of card used to play numerous games
Derived terms
- آبادی كاغدی (abadi kâğıdı, “silk paper”)
- اویون كاغدی (oyun kâğıdı, “playing card”)
- كاغد آلمق (kâğıd almak, “to receive a letter or document”)
- كاغد حلواسی (kâğıd helvası, “pastry wafers”)
- كاغد قاپلامق (kâğıd kaplamak, “to paper a room”)
- كاغد یازمق (kâğıd yazmak, “to write a letter”)
- كاغدجی (kâğıdcı, “paper dealer”)
- كاغدخانه (kâğıdhane, “paper manufactory”)
- چرچوه كاغدی (çerçeve kâğıdı, “paper used in lieu of glass”)
- یاغلو كاغد (yağlı kâğıd, “oiled paper”)
- یول كاغدی (yol kâğıdı, “passport”)
Descendants
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kâğıt”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2332
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كاغد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[5] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 1005
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Charta”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[6], Vienna, column 175
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كاغد”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[7], Vienna, column 3848
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kâğıt”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كاغد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1518