مسلمان
Chagatai
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian مُسَلْمَان (musalmān), borrowed from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim), from أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama).
Noun
مسلمان (musulman or muselman) (plural مسلمانلار)
Descendants
Further reading
- Jarring, Gunnar (1964) “مسلمان”, in An Eastern Turki-English Dialect Dictionary[1], C.W.K. Gleerup, page 201
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
From Classical Persian مسلمان (musalmān), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim).
Noun
مسلمان • (müsliman)
Descendants
Persian
Etymology
Ultimately from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim), probably a corrupted borrowing of the Arabic plural مُسْلِمُون (muslimūn).
This is one of a number of very early oral borrowings from Arabic, dating to the earliest years of Islamic rule, that underwent irregular phonetic shifts. Others include میر (mir, “prince”) from أَمِير (ʔamīr) and now archaic Classical Persian مزگت (mazgit, “mosque”) from مَسْجِد (masjid).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /mu.sal.ˈmaːn/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [mʊ.säl.mɑ́ːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [mo.sæl.mɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [mu.säl.mɔ́n]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | musalmān |
| Dari reading? | musalmān |
| Iranian reading? | mosalmân |
| Tajik reading? | musalmon |
Noun
| Dari | مسلمان |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | мусалмон |
مسلمان • (mosalmân) (plural مسلمانان (mosalmânân), or مسلمین (moslemin), or مسلمان‌ها (mosalmân-hâ))
- Muslim
- c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 175”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī][2]:
- عزمش چو عزم و حجت پیغمبران درست
رایش چو رای و دولت نیک اختران متین
همچون پدر بزرگ و جهاندار و بختیار
همچون پدر کریم و مسلمان و پاکدین- azm-aš čū azm u hujjat-i payġambarān durust
rāy-aš čū rāy u dawlat-i nēk axtarān matīn
hamčūn pidar buzurg u jahandār u baxtyār
hamčūn pidar karīm u musalmān u pākdīn - His resolve is correct like the resolve and deeds of the prophets,
His opinion is firm like the opinion and felicity of the fortunate:
Just like his father, he is great, world-possessing, auspicious,
Just like his father, he is noble, Muslim, pure of faith.
- azm-aš čū azm u hujjat-i payġambarān durust
- c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 217”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez][3]:
- مسلمانان مرا وقتی دلی بود
که با وی گفتمی گر مشکلی بود- musalmānān ma-rā waqtē dilē būd
ki bā way guftamē gar muškilē būd - Muslims! I once used to have a heart
To whom I would talk, should I have a problem.
- musalmānān ma-rā waqtē dilē būd
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| bare | مسلمان (mosalmân) | مسلمانان، مسلمانا△ (mosalmânấn, mosalmânấ△) |
| definitive direct object | مسلمان را، مسلمان رو△ (mosalmân râ, mosalmâno△) | مسلمانان را، مسلمانا رو△ (mosalmânấn râ, mosalmânấ ro△) |
| ezâfe | مسلمان (mosalmân-e) | مسلمانان، مسلمانای△ (mosalmânấn-e, mosalmânấ-ye△) |
| marked indefinite or relative definite |
مسلمانی (mosalmân-i) | مسلمانانی، مسلمانایی△ (mosalmânấn-i, mosalmânấi△) |
△ Colloquial.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person (“I am, we are”) |
مسلمانم (mosalmânam) | مسلمانیم (mosalmânim) |
| 2nd person (“you are”) |
مسلمانی (mosalmâni) | مسلمانید، مسلمانین△ (mosalmânid, mosalmânin△) |
| 3rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”) |
مسلمان است، مسلمانه△ (mosalmân ast, mosalmâne△) | مسلمانند، مسلمانن△ (mosalmânand, mosalmânan△) |
△ Colloquial.
Related terms
Descendants
- → Avar: бусурманчи (busurmanči)
- → Azerbaijani: müsəlman
- → Bashkir: мосолман (mosolman)
- → Bengali: মুসলমান (musolman)
- → Chagatai: مسلمان
- → Dargwa: бусурман (busurman)
- ⇒ Georgian: მუსულმანი (musulmani)
- → Gujarati: મુસલમાન (musalmān)
- → Kazakh: мұсылман (mūsylman)
- → Konkani: मुसलमान (musalmān)
- → Kumyk: бусурман (busurman)
- → Kyrgyz: мусулман (musulman)
- → Lak: бусурман (busurman)
- → Maithili:
- Devanagari script: मुसलमान (musalᵊmān)
- Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒳𑒮𑒪𑒧𑒰𑒢 (musalamāna)
- → Marathi: मुसलमान (musalmān)
- → Mongolian: мусульман (musulʹman)
- → Old Hindi: मुसलमांन (musalamā̃na)
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: मुसलमान (musalmān)
- Urdu: مُسَلْمَان (musalmān)
- Hindustani:
- → Odia: ମୁସଲମାନ (musalamāna)
- → Tatar: мөселман (möselman)
- → Belarusian: мусульма́нін (musulʹmánin)
- → Russian: мусульма́нин (musulʹmánin)
- → Ukrainian: мусульма́нин (musulʹmányn)
- → Ottoman Turkish: مسلمان (müsliman) (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Punjabi: ਮੁਸਲਮਾਣੁ (musalamāṇu), ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨੁ (musalamānu)
- → Sindhi:
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian مُسَلْمَان (musalmān), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim). First attested as Middle Hindi مسلمان (musalamān), Old Hindi मुसलमांन (musalamāṃna).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /mʊ.səl.mɑːn/
- Rhymes: -ɑːn
- Hyphenation: مُ‧سَل‧مان
Noun
مُسَلْمان • (musalmān) m (Hindi spelling मुसलमान)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | مُسَلْمان (musalmān) | مُسَلْمان (musalmān) |
| oblique | مُسَلْمان (musalmān) | مُسَلْمانوں (musalmānõ) |
| vocative | مُسَلْمان (musalmān) | مُسَلْمانو (musalmāno) |
Further reading
- “مسلمان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “مسلمان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “مسلمان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “مسلمان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.