ملأك

See also: ملاك

Arabic

Alternative forms

مَلَك (malak)

Etymology

Borrowed from Ge'ez መልአክ (mälʾäk, “messenger; angel”), the plural of which is መላእክት (mälaʾəkt), itself a calque of Aramaic מַלְאֲכָא / ܡܠܐܟܐ (malʾăḵā, “angel, messenger”) and Hebrew מַלְאָךְ (malʾā́ḵ, “angel, messenger”), closer in Tigrinya መልኣኽ (mälʾax), Amharic መልኣክ (mälʾak), መላክ (mälak) of which the plural is መላእክት (mälaʾəkt). Compare the root ل ء ك (l ʔ k) and لَأَكَ (laʔaka), أَلْأَكَ (ʔalʔaka, “to send as a messenger”), which was regularly used as the normal word for “to send” in Ge'ez ለአከ (läʾäkä) as well as in Ugaritic 𐎍𐎛𐎋 (lỉk), 𐎍𐎀𐎋 (lảk) for which the normal Arabic word is أَرْسَلَ (ʔarsala) upon which one has formed رَسُول (rasūl, “messenger; apostle; angel”), with the same pattern native Ge'ez ልኡክ (ləʾuk, “messenger; apostle; cantor”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mal.ʔak/

Noun

مَلْأَك • (malʔak) m (plural مَلَائِك (malāʔik) or مَلَائِكَة (malāʔika))

(mythology) angel

Declension

Declension of noun **مَلْأَك** (malʔak)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلْأَك malʔak	الْمَلْأَك al-malʔak	مَلْأَك malʔak
nominative	مَلْأَكٌ malʔakun	الْمَلْأَكُ al-malʔaku	مَلْأَكُ malʔaku
accusative	مَلْأَكًا malʔakan	الْمَلْأَكَ al-malʔaka	مَلْأَكَ malʔaka
genitive	مَلْأَكٍ malʔakin	الْمَلْأَكِ al-malʔaki	مَلْأَكِ malʔaki
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلْأَكَيْن malʔakayn	الْمَلْأَكَيْن al-malʔakayn	مَلْأَكَيْ malʔakay
nominative	مَلْأَكَانِ malʔakāni	الْمَلْأَكَانِ al-malʔakāni	مَلْأَكَا malʔakā
accusative	مَلْأَكَيْنِ malʔakayni	الْمَلْأَكَيْنِ al-malʔakayni	مَلْأَكَيْ malʔakay
genitive	مَلْأَكَيْنِ malʔakayni	الْمَلْأَكَيْنِ al-malʔakayni	مَلْأَكَيْ malʔakay
plural	basic broken plural diptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	مَلَائِك‎; مَلَائِكَة malāʔik‎; malāʔika	الْمَلَائِك‎; الْمَلَائِكَة al-malāʔik‎; al-malāʔika	مَلَائِك‎; مَلَائِكَة malāʔik‎; malāʔikat
nominative	مَلَائِكُ‎; مَلَائِكَةٌ malāʔiku‎; malāʔikatun	الْمَلَائِكُ‎; الْمَلَائِكَةُ al-malāʔiku‎; al-malāʔikatu	مَلَائِكُ‎; مَلَائِكَةُ malāʔiku‎; malāʔikatu
accusative	مَلَائِكَ‎; مَلَائِكَةً malāʔika‎; malāʔikatan	الْمَلَائِكَ‎; الْمَلَائِكَةَ al-malāʔika‎; al-malāʔikata	مَلَائِكَ‎; مَلَائِكَةَ malāʔika‎; malāʔikata
genitive	مَلَائِكَ‎; مَلَائِكَةٍ malāʔika‎; malāʔikatin	الْمَلَائِكِ‎; الْمَلَائِكَةِ al-malāʔiki‎; al-malāʔikati	مَلَائِكِ‎; مَلَائِكَةِ malāʔiki‎; malāʔikati

Descendants

→ Abaza: мальаикь (malᶻaikʲ)
→ Abkhaz: амаалықь (amaaləkʲ)
→ Adyghe: мэлэӏич (mɛlɛʼič)
→ Armenian: մալաք, մալախ (malakʻ, malax)
→ Avar: малаик (malaik)
→ Azerbaijani: mələk
→ Chechen: малик (malik)
→ Classical Persian: مَلَک (malak)
→ Dargwa: малайк (malajk)
→ Farefare: malɛka
→ Fula: maleyka
→ Hausa: mala'ika
→ Ingush: малайк (malajk)
→ Javanese: ꦩꦭꦲꦺꦏꦠ꧀ (malaékat)
→ Kabardian: мэлэӏыч (mɛlɛʼəč)
→ Khwarezmian: ملك (mlk)^[1]
→ Kumyk: малайик (malayik)
→ Northern Kurdish: melek, milyaket
→ Lezgi: малаик (malaik)
→ Malay: malak, malaikat
- Indonesian: malaikat
→ Maranao: mala'ikat
→ Moore: malɛka
→ Ngiti: màlàyikà
→ Ottoman Turkish: ملك (melek)
- Turkish: melek
- → Albanian: meleq
- → Romanian: melec
- → Serbo-Croatian: mèlek / мѐлек
→ Swahili: malaika
- Tooro: malaika
→ Tabasaran: малайик (malajik)
→ Tat: малах
→ Tausug: malāikat
→ Turkmen: melek
→ Yoruba: màlékà

References

^ Benzing, Johannes (1983) “mlk”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 410

Geiger, Abraham (1833, 1902) Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? (in German), 2nd edition, Leipzig: M. W. Kaufmann, page 59
Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 269–270
Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[1] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 34

[1] Benzing, Johannes (1983) “mlk”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 410

[1]