همچنین
Persian
Alternative forms
- همچونین (hamčunin)
- همچین (hamčin) (colloquial)
Etymology
From هم (ham) + چون (čun) + این (in). Compare همچنان (hamčonân).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈham.t͡ʃu.niːn/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [hǽm.t͡ʃʰʊ.niːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [hǽm.t͡ʃʰe.niːn], [hǽm.t͡ʃʰo.niːn]
- (Tehrani) IPA(key): [hǽm.t͡ʃʰiːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [hǽm.t͡ʃʰu.nin]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | hámčunīn |
| Dari reading? | hamčunīn |
| Iranian reading? | hamčenin, hamčonin |
| Tajik reading? | hamčunin |
Adverb
همچنین • (hamčenin or hamčonin)
- also, as well
- وی همچنین اضافه کرد […]
- vey hamčenin ezâfe kard […]
- he also added […]
- thus, in this manner, likewise
- Synonyms: همچنان (hamčenân), هکذا (hâkazâ)
- شما همچنین ― šomâ hamčenin ― You too! [e.g. in response to "good luck"]
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 817:
- باشد اغلب صید این بز همچنین
ورنه چالاکست و چست و خصم‌بین- bāšad aġlab sayd-i īn buz hamčunīn
w-ar-na čālāk ast u čost u xasm-bīn - The capture of this [mountain-]goat is, for the most part, [accomplished] in this manner;
Else [it would be difficult, for] he is agile and nimble and quick to see the enemy.
- bāšad aġlab sayd-i īn buz hamčunīn
- c. 1655, دبستان مذاهب [Dabistān-i Mazāhib]:
- چنانکه از غفلت ریسمان را مار پنداشت، همچنین جهان را دروغ‌بود داند که از غفلت عالم انگاشته.
- čunānki az ġaflat rēsmān rā mār pindāšt, hamčunīn jahān rā durūġ-būd dūnad ki az ġaflat ālam angāšta.
- Just like he imagined a rope to be a snake due to inattention, he likewise knows the world to be a falsehood which he has perceived as the world due to inattention.
- 2008, “ابرقدرت افکار عمومی [Superpower of Public Opinion]”, in چشم انداز ایران:
- ما دیدیم در مخالفت با حمله به عراق تنها در روز، ده‌میلیون نفر از مردم جهان به طور همزمان طی تظاهراتی با جنگ مخالفت کردند، همچنین در یک راهپیمایی بی‌سابقه یک میلیون و دویست هزار نفری، شهروندان لندن مخالفت خود را با جنگ اعلام کردند.
- mâ didim dar moxâfelat bâ hamle be erâq tanhâ dar ruz, dah milyun nafar az mardom-e jahân be towr-e hamzamân tey-e tazâhorâti bâ jang moxâlefat kardand, hamčenin dar yek râhpeymâyi-e bisâbeqe-ye yek milyuon va devist hezâr nafari, šahrvandân-e landan moxâlefat-e xod râ bâ jang e'lâm kardand.
- We saw that in just a single day during the opposition to the invasion of Iraq, ten million people from around the world protested the war through simultaneous demonstrations. Likewise, the citizens of London announced their opposition to the war in an unprecedented rally with one million and two hundred thousand participants.
Determiner
همچنین • (hamčenin or hamčonin)
- such a, this kind of, this exact
- من دقیقا تایپم همچین پسره. (Iranian slang)
- man daqiqan tâyp-am hamčin pesar-e.
- For me, this kind of guy is exactly my type.
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: həmçinin
Further reading
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “همچنین”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim