هم

• IPA^(key): /hum/

• Audio:

  (file)

هُمْ • (hum) m pl (enclitic form ـهُم or ـهِم)

1. they (masculine plural subject pronoun)

• IPA^(key): /hum/
• IPA^(key): /him/

ـهُمْ or ـهِمْ • (-hum or -him) m pl (enclitic form of هُم (hum))

1. them, their (masculine plural bound object pronoun)

• IPA^(key): /ham.ma/

هَمَّ • (hamma) I (non-past يَهُمُّ (yahummu), verbal noun هَمّ (hamm) or مَهَمَّة (mahamma))

1. to disquiet, to make uneasy, to distress
2. to grieve
3. to preoccupy, to concern, to affect
4. to be of interest
5. to plan, to be about to, to start doing, to become determined [with بِ (bi)]

   هَمُّوا بِٱلْفِرَارِ ― hammū bi-l-firāri ― They started running away.

• IPA^(key): /hamm/

هَمّ • (hamm) m (plural هُمُوم (humūm))

1. verbal noun of هَمَّ (hamma) (form I)
2. anxiety, concern, worry, care
3. sorrow, grief, affliction, distress
4. weight, moment, importance

• IPA^(key): /himm/

هِمّ • (himm) (feminine هِمَّة (himma), masculine plural أَهْمَام (ʔahmām), feminine plural هَمَائِم (hamāʔim) or هِمَّات (himmāt))

1. decrepit, senile

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

هِمّ • (himm) m (plural أَهْمَام (ʔahmām), feminine هِمَّة (himma))

1. old man

• Freytag, Georg (1837) “هم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 406
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “هم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1442
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “هم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 1181
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “هم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 1355–1356

• IPA^(key): /ˈhommæ/

هم • (humma) pl

1. they

Egyptian Arabic personal pronouns
		singular	plural
1st person		أنا (ʔana)	إحنا (ʔiḥna)
2nd person	m	إنت (ʔinta)	إنتوا (ʔintu)
	f	إنتي (ʔinti)
3rd person	m	هو (huwwa)	هم (humma, hum)
	f	هي (hiyya)

ـهم • (-hum) pl

1. them, their

From Arabic هُمْ (hum).

• IPA^(key): /ˈhum.ma/, [ˈhʊmma]

هم • (humma) pl

1. they (masculine plural subject pronoun)

Hijazi Arabic personal pronouns
		Singular	Plural
1st person		أَنَا (ʔana)	إِحْنَا (ʔiḥna) / نِحْنَ (niḥna)
2nd person	m	إِنْتَ (ʔinta)	إِنْتُو (ʔintu)
	f	إِنْتِ (ʔinti) / إِنْتِي (ʔinti)
3rd person	m	هُوَّ (huwwa)	هُمَّ (humma)
	f	هِيَّ (hiyya)

• IPA^(key): /ˈhum/, [ˈhʊm]

ـهُم • (-hum) pl

1. them, their

From Arabic هَمّ (hamm).

• IPA^(key): /ˈhamm/, [ˈham]

هم • (hamm) m (plural هموم (humūm))

1. anxiety, concern, worry, care
2. sorrow, grief, affliction, distress

Borrowed from Iranian Persian هَم (ham).

هم (ham)

1. still, all the same

   شمَنسوي هم مقصرين.

   šma-nsawwi ham mqaṣṣirīn.

   Whatever we do, we still don't do enough.

Borrowed from Persian هم (ham).^[1]

هَمْ • (häm)

1. both... and...

• Azerbaijani: həm
• Gagauz: hem
• Ottoman Turkish: هم (hem)
  • Turkish: hem

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish هَمْ (häm), from Persian هم (ham).

هَمْ • (häm)

1. both... and...

• Turkish: hem

From Middle Persian hm (ham, “also, same”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (h-m /⁠ham(a)⁠/, “same, together”), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”).^[1] Compare Sanskrit सम (sama), English same.

• ـم (-am) (colloquial)

Readings
Classical reading?	ham
Dari reading?	ham
Iranian reading?	ham
Tajik reading?	ham

• This word never takes stress.

هم • (ham)^[2]

1. also, too; (in negative constructions, chiefly as a post-positive particle) either, neither

   Synonym: (formal) نیز (niz)

   از این کتاب هم خوشم می‌آید.

   az in ketâb ham xošam mi-âyad.

   I like this book, too.

   فارسی هم بلد نیست. ― fârsi ham balad nist. ― He doesn't speak Persian, either.

   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 79:

     هر مرغ شاد و من که ز اندوه مرده‌ام
     نگشایدم دل از گل و باغ و بهار هم

     har murġ šād u man ki zi andūh murda'am
     nagušāyadam dil az gul u bāġ u bahār ham

     Each of the birds is joyful, and how I have died of grief!
     My heart does not open to the rose and the garden, nor to springtime.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. even; often with حتی (hatta)

   حتی موش هم خوردند. ― hattâ muš ham xordand. ― Even rats were eaten.

   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 79:

     غیر از حبیب خود نپرستم کس ار برند
     خلق جهان بقتل مرا سوی دار هم

     ġayr az habīb-i xwad naparastam kas ar barand
     xalq-i jahān ba-qatl ma-rā sō-yi dār ham

     I shall not worship anyone other than my beloved, even if the people of the world drag me toward the gallows.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

3. (as هم (ham)... هم (ham)) both

   یک سال بعد هم من و هم او ازدواج كرديم.

   yek sâl-e ba'd ham man o ham u ezdevâj kardim.

   A year later, he and I married.

4. Used in the non-initial clause to suggest a contrast.

   او گپ می‌زد، من هم ساکت بودم.

   u gap mi-zad, man ham sâket budam.

   He talked; as for me, I was silent.

   بد نیست، خیلی هم خوب است.

   bad nist, xeyli ham xub ast.

   It's not bad, rather it's very good.

• هم (ham) directly follows the word or phrase it modifies, except in the coordinate construction هم (ham)... هم (ham) in which case it comes before.

از این کتاب هم خوشم می‌آید.

az in ketâb ham xošam mi-âyad.

I like this book, also. (In addition to another book that I like, I like this one.)

من هم از این کتاب خوشم می‌آید.

man ham az in ketâb xošam mi-âyad.

I also like this book. (In addition to someone else who likes this book, I do.)

هم • (ham)

1. each other; short for همدیگر (hamdigar)

• → Armenian: համ (ham, “and, both”)
• → Bashkir: һәм (həm, “and”)
• → Tatar: һәм (häm, “and”)
• → Iraqi Arabic: هم (“still”)
• → Old Anatolian Turkish: هَمْ (häm)
  • Azerbaijani: həm
  • Gagauz: hem
  • Ottoman Turkish: هم (hem)
    • Turkish: hem

Borrowed from Arabic هَمّ (hamm).

Readings
Classical reading?	ham(m)
Dari reading?	ham(m)
Iranian reading?	ham(m)
Tajik reading?	ham(m)

هم • (ham)

1. (literary) grief; sorrow

   Synonym: غم (ġam)

From Arabic هُمْ (hum).

• همه

• IPA^(key): /hom.me/, [ˈhʊm.me]

• Audio (Jerusalem):

  (file)

هم • (homme) pl (enclitic form ـهم (-hom))

1. they (third-person plural subject pronoun)

   Synonym: (Galilee) هن (hinne)

South Levantine Arabic personal pronouns
		Singular	Plural
1st person		أنا (ʔana)	احنا (ʔiḥna)
2nd person	m	انت (ʔinta)	انتو (ʔintu)
	f	انتي (ʔinti)
3rd person	m	هو (huwwe)	هم (homme)
	f	هي (hiyye)

From Arabic ـهُمْ (-hum) or ـهِمْ (-him).

ـهم • (-hom) pl

2. Enclitic form of هم (homme)
3. they, them, their

   Synonym: (Galilee) ـهن (-hen)

South Levantine Arabic enclitic pronouns
		Singular		Plural
		after consonant	after vowel
1st person	after verb	ـني (-ni)		ـنا (-na)
	else	ـِي (-i)	ـي (-y)
2nd person	m	ـَك (-ak)	ـك (-k)	ـكُم (-kom) / ـكو (-ku)
	f	ـِك (-ek)	ـكي (-ki)
3rd person	m	ـُه (-o)	ـه (-h)	ـهُم (-hom)
	f	ـها (-ha)

From Arabic هَمَّ (hamma).

• IPA^(key): /hamm/, [ham]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

همّ • (hamm) I (present بهمّ (bihimm))

1. to concern, to preoccupy

ـهُمْ (-hum) pl

1. them, their