Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/somh₁ós
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *sem- (“together, one”). The origin of the laryngeal after the root is unclear: it may be *h₁ as in *sém-h₁ (“couple”), a fossilized dual from the root noun *sḗm, or it may be the same *h₂ as in Ancient Greek ὁμαλός (homalós) and Proto-Celtic *samalis; compare *semh₂- (“summer”), sometimes thought to be related.
Adjective
*somh₁ós (non-ablauting)
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *somh₁ós | *somh₁éh₂ | |
| genitive | *somh₁ósyo | *somh₁éh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *somh₁ós | *somh₁óh₁ | *somh₁óes |
| vocative | *somh₁é | *somh₁óh₁ | *somh₁óes |
| accusative | *somh₁óm | *somh₁óh₁ | *somh₁óms |
| genitive | *somh₁ósyo | *? | *somh₁óHom |
| ablative | *somh₁éad | *? | *somh₁ómos, *somh₁óbʰos |
| dative | *somh₁óey | *? | *somh₁ómos, *somh₁óbʰos |
| locative | *somh₁éy, *somh₁óy | *? | *somh₁óysu |
| instrumental | *somh₁óh₁ | *? | *somh₁ṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *somh₁éh₂ | *somh₁éh₂h₁(e) | *somh₁éh₂es |
| vocative | *somh₁éh₂ | *somh₁éh₂h₁(e) | *somh₁éh₂es |
| accusative | *somh₁ā́m | *somh₁éh₂h₁(e) | *somh₁éh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *somh₁éh₂s | *? | *somh₁éh₂oHom |
| ablative | *somh₁éh₂s | *? | *somh₁éh₂mos, *somh₁éh₂bʰos |
| dative | *somh₁éh₂ey | *? | *somh₁éh₂mos, *somh₁éh₂bʰos |
| locative | *somh₁éh₂, *somh₁éh₂i | *? | *somh₁éh₂su |
| instrumental | *somh₁éh₂h₁ | *? | *somh₁éh₂mis, *somh₁éh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *somh₁óm | *somh₁óy(h₁) | *somh₁éh₂ |
| vocative | *somh₁óm | *somh₁óy(h₁) | *somh₁éh₂ |
| accusative | *somh₁óm | *somh₁óy(h₁) | *somh₁éh₂ |
| genitive | *somh₁ósyo | *? | *somh₁óHom |
| ablative | *somh₁éad | *? | *somh₁ómos, *somh₁óbʰos |
| dative | *somh₁óey | *? | *somh₁ómos, *somh₁óbʰos |
| locative | *somh₁éy, *somh₁óy | *? | *somh₁óysu |
| instrumental | *somh₁óh₁ | *? | *somh₁ṓys |
Alternative reconstructions
- *somHós (uncertain laryngeal)
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *-(i)sama
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sāmas
- Proto-Slavic: *samъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *somos
- Old Irish: -som, sāim
- Proto-Germanic: *samaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *homos
- Ancient Greek: ὁμός (homós) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *samHás (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian A: sоmа-
- Tocharian B: sоmо-