Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/samaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same, alike”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑ.mɑz/

Determiner

*samaz

  1. same, alike

Inflection

As with *selbaz, only the weak declension is used in Gothic. It is not known what the Proto-Germanic usage was.

Declension of *samaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *samaz *samō *samą, -atō *samai *samôz *samō
accusative *samanǭ *samǭ *samą, -atō *samanz *samōz *samō
genitive *samas, -is *samaizōz *samas, -is *samaizǫ̂ *samaizǫ̂ *samaizǫ̂
dative *samammai *samaizōi *samammai *samaimaz *samaimaz *samaimaz
instrumental *samanō *samaizō *samanō *samaimiz *samaimiz *samaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *samô *samǭ *samô *samaniz *samōniz *samōnō
accusative *samanų *samōnų *samô *samanunz *samōnunz *samōnō
genitive *saminiz *samōniz *saminiz *samanǫ̂ *samōnǫ̂ *samanǫ̂
dative *samini *samōni *samini *samammaz *samōmaz *samammaz
instrumental *saminē *samōnē *saminē *samammiz *samōmiz *samammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *sam
    • ⇒ Old English: same (adverb), sama, some
      • Middle English: same (conflated with Old Norse borrowing)
    • ⇒ Old English: sam (conjunction)
    • Old Frisian: sam
    • Old Dutch: *sam
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: sam (conjunction)
  • Old Norse: samr
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (sama)
  • → Proto-Finnic: *sama (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sama(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 425
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