وروغ
Pashto
Alternative forms
- وراغ (wrāǧ)
Etymology
From Proto-Pathan *wroγ < *wərā̊́γ, from an ancestral Middle Iranian form *warā́γ-, from Old Iranian *warā́ga-.[1] Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬖𐬥𐬀 (vārəγna, “falcon”), Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭠𐭢 (wlʾg /warāγ/, “crow”), Early New Persian [Syriac needed] (gurāǧ, “crow”), Sogdian [Manichaean needed] (*wrʾγyc), Judeo-Persian [script needed] (barāǧ, “crow”), Baluchi گوراگ (gwarág, “crow”), Sistani گەراغ (ga:rāġ, “crow”), Parachi غراک (γarāk, “crow”), Sanskrit वायस (vāyasa, “crow”).[2][3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /wroɣ/
Noun
وروغ • (wroǧ) m
Descendants
- → Ormuri: کڼه ورغه (kaṇə wraγa)
References
- ^ Julian Kreidl (2021) “Lambdacism and the development of Old Iranian *t in Pashto”, in Iran and the Caucasus
- ^ Ela Filippone (2011) “The Language of the Qorʾān-e Qods and its Sistanic Dialectal Background”, in M. Maggi, P. Orsatti, editors, The Persian Language in History[1], Wiesbaden: Reichert, pages 179-235
- ^ Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “wroγ”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 90:
- wroγ m. Afr; wrȫ/eγ Waz; obl. pl. wrγw Kh.Kh. 'crow'. — *warāga-, cf. Khwar wrʾγ, Phl. warāγ 'raven, crow', Bal gurāg, Orm K (kaṇə-)wraγa (LW < Pš). But with -k, Par γarāk. Cf. Skt varāha- = vāyasa, prob. < Ir, with voiced h rendering γ. (Waz kṛāγa 'crow', LW in Orm K kṛāγ, is a different word.))
Persian
Noun
وروغ • (voruġ)
- alternative form of آروغ